Input interpretation
![O_2 oxygen + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Si silicon ⟶ H_2O water + Na_2SiO_3 sodium metasilicate](../image_source/448528c0d838befd92b73e0fee687c5a.png)
O_2 oxygen + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Si silicon ⟶ H_2O water + Na_2SiO_3 sodium metasilicate
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Si ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 Na_2SiO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, H, Na and Si: O: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_4 + 3 c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Si: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3](../image_source/b53447a76bf35b2e1170de035c761ed1.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Si ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 Na_2SiO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, H, Na and Si: O: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_4 + 3 c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Si: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3
Structures
![+ + ⟶ +](../image_source/5018a23527e8345118d6d4ec0dff379b.png)
+ + ⟶ +
Names
![oxygen + sodium hydroxide + silicon ⟶ water + sodium metasilicate](../image_source/22966ec44a8abc75b65c81031edd94c4.png)
oxygen + sodium hydroxide + silicon ⟶ water + sodium metasilicate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
![| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1555 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1555 kJ/mol | H_initial = -851.6 kJ/mol | | | H_final = -1841 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1841 kJ/mol - -851.6 kJ/mol = -989.1 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | | |](../image_source/cb3e2d149d6b06ceb6cc030aa64f3669.png)
| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1555 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1555 kJ/mol | H_initial = -851.6 kJ/mol | | | H_final = -1841 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1841 kJ/mol - -851.6 kJ/mol = -989.1 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | | |
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 1 | -1 | ([O2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) Si | 1 | -1 | ([Si])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SiO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([Si])^(-1) [H2O] [Na2SiO3] = ([H2O] [Na2SiO3])/([O2] ([NaOH])^2 [Si])](../image_source/4ac4881bbfb540dea2ce1f7ad1e91309.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 1 | -1 | ([O2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) Si | 1 | -1 | ([Si])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SiO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([Si])^(-1) [H2O] [Na2SiO3] = ([H2O] [Na2SiO3])/([O2] ([NaOH])^2 [Si])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Si | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SiO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SiO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/d26cdfbc7cef0985da4d39ef693c8f9b.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 NaOH + Si ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SiO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Si | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Si | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2SiO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SiO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SiO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate formula | O_2 | NaOH | Si | H_2O | Na_2SiO_3 Hill formula | O_2 | HNaO | Si | H_2O | Na_2O_3Si name | oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | disodium dioxido-oxosilane](../image_source/b0bc0fa23ae55c066d6f7e25b83d42db.png)
| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate formula | O_2 | NaOH | Si | H_2O | Na_2SiO_3 Hill formula | O_2 | HNaO | Si | H_2O | Na_2O_3Si name | oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | disodium dioxido-oxosilane
Substance properties
![| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 28.085 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 122.06 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | 323 °C | 1410 °C | 0 °C | 72.2 °C boiling point | -183 °C | 1390 °C | 2355 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.749 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | soluble | insoluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1 Pa s (at 1088 °C) odor | odorless | | | odorless |](../image_source/af52239c332e428d6f8075a472a6e4e1.png)
| oxygen | sodium hydroxide | silicon | water | sodium metasilicate molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 28.085 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 122.06 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | 323 °C | 1410 °C | 0 °C | 72.2 °C boiling point | -183 °C | 1390 °C | 2355 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.749 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | soluble | insoluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1 Pa s (at 1088 °C) odor | odorless | | | odorless |
Units