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NaOH + S = H2O + Na2SO4 + Na2S

Input interpretation

NaOH sodium hydroxide + S mixed sulfur ⟶ H_2O water + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Na_2S sodium sulfide
NaOH sodium hydroxide + S mixed sulfur ⟶ H_2O water + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Na_2S sodium sulfide

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 S ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Na_2SO_4 + c_5 Na_2S Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and S: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = 2 c_4 + 2 c_5 O: | c_1 = c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 + c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_4 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 S ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Na_2SO_4 + c_5 Na_2S Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and S: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = 2 c_4 + 2 c_5 O: | c_1 = c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 + c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_4 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S

Structures

+ ⟶ + +
+ ⟶ + +

Names

sodium hydroxide + mixed sulfur ⟶ water + sodium sulfate + sodium sulfide
sodium hydroxide + mixed sulfur ⟶ water + sodium sulfate + sodium sulfide

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 8 | -8 S | 4 | -4 H_2O | 4 | 4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Na_2S | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 8 | -8 | ([NaOH])^(-8) S | 4 | -4 | ([S])^(-4) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SO4] Na_2S | 3 | 3 | ([Na2S])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-8) ([S])^(-4) ([H2O])^4 [Na2SO4] ([Na2S])^3 = (([H2O])^4 [Na2SO4] ([Na2S])^3)/(([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 8 | -8 S | 4 | -4 H_2O | 4 | 4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Na_2S | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 8 | -8 | ([NaOH])^(-8) S | 4 | -4 | ([S])^(-4) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SO4] Na_2S | 3 | 3 | ([Na2S])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-8) ([S])^(-4) ([H2O])^4 [Na2SO4] ([Na2S])^3 = (([H2O])^4 [Na2SO4] ([Na2S])^3)/(([NaOH])^8 ([S])^4)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 8 | -8 S | 4 | -4 H_2O | 4 | 4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Na_2S | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) S | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Na_2S | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + S ⟶ H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + Na_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 NaOH + 4 S ⟶ 4 H_2O + Na_2SO_4 + 3 Na_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 8 | -8 S | 4 | -4 H_2O | 4 | 4 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Na_2S | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) S | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Na_2S | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Na2S])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide formula | NaOH | S | H_2O | Na_2SO_4 | Na_2S Hill formula | HNaO | S | H_2O | Na_2O_4S | Na_2S_1 name | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | sulfur | water | disodium sulfate |
| sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide formula | NaOH | S | H_2O | Na_2SO_4 | Na_2S Hill formula | HNaO | S | H_2O | Na_2O_4S | Na_2S_1 name | sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | sulfur | water | disodium sulfate |

Substance properties

| sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 78.04 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 112.8 °C | 0 °C | 884 °C | 1172 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 444.7 °C | 99.9839 °C | 1429 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | 1.856 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | soluble | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |
| sodium hydroxide | mixed sulfur | water | sodium sulfate | sodium sulfide molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 78.04 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 112.8 °C | 0 °C | 884 °C | 1172 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 444.7 °C | 99.9839 °C | 1429 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | 1.856 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | soluble | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |

Units

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