Input interpretation
sulfuric acid + lithium hydroxide ⟶ water + lithium sulfate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S and Li: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Li: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + 2 ⟶ 2 +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sulfuric acid + lithium hydroxide ⟶ water + lithium sulfate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | lithium sulfate molecular enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -487.5 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1437 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -975 kJ/mol | -571.7 kJ/mol | -1437 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1789 kJ/mol | | H_final = -2008 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -2008 kJ/mol - -1789 kJ/mol = -219.2 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | lithium sulfate molecular free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -441.5 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1322 kJ/mol total free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -883 kJ/mol | -474.2 kJ/mol | -1322 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1573 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1796 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1796 kJ/mol - -1573 kJ/mol = -222.9 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | lithium sulfate Hill formula | H_2O_4S | HLiO | H_2O | Li_2O_4S name | sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | lithium sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | dilithium sulfate
Substance properties
| sulfuric acid | lithium hydroxide | water | lithium sulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 23.95 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 109.9 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 462 °C | 0 °C | 845 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | | 99.9839 °C | 1377 °C density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 1.46 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.22 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless |
Units
