bromine vs chlorine vs cadmium

bromine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | cadmium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium atomic symbol | Br | Cl | Cd atomic number | 35 | 17 | 48 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Kr]5s^24d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 3p 3s | 4d 5s block | p | p | d group | 17 | 17 | 12 period | 4 | 3 | 5 atomic mass | 79.904 u | 35.45 u | 112.414 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium phase at STP | liquid | gas | solid melting point | -7.3 °C | -101.5 °C | 321.07 °C boiling point | 59 °C | -34.04 °C | 767 °C critical temperature | 588 K | 416.9 K | critical pressure | 10.34 MPa | 7.991 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 5.8 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 6.3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 14.8 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 230 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 8.65 g/cm^3 liquid density | 3.12 g/cm^3 | | 7.996 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | | 2 (≈ gypsum) Brinell hardness | | | 203 MPa bulk modulus | 1.9 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 42 GPa shear modulus | | | 19 GPa Young's modulus | | | 50 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.3 ultimate tensile strength | | | 75 MPa refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000773 | sound speed | | 206 m/s | 2310 m/s thermal expansion | | | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.12 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 97 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.53×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.99×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 4.08 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 9.865×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.517 K (kelvins) color | (red) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | 1.001132 | 1.000773 |

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium valence | 5 | 5 | 2 electronegativity | 2.96 | 3.16 | 1.69 electron affinity | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 867.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 867.8 kJ/mol | 1631.4 kJ/mol | 3616 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 115 pm | 100 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 120 pm | 102 pm | 144 pm van der Waals radius | 185 pm | 175 pm | 158 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| bromine | chlorine | cadmium universe abundance | 7×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 8×10^-4 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 4.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 1.5×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0067 mass% | 2 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-5 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 2.8×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 3.9×10^-6 mol%