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tungsten vs titanium vs ruthenium

Input interpretation

tungsten (chemical element) | titanium (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element)
tungsten (chemical element) | titanium (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium atomic symbol | W | Ti | Ru atomic number | 74 | 22 | 44 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^2 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s | 3d 4s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 6 | 4 | 8 period | 6 | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 183.84 u | 47.867 u | 101.07 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium atomic symbol | W | Ti | Ru atomic number | 74 | 22 | 44 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^2 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s | 3d 4s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 6 | 4 | 8 period | 6 | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 183.84 u | 47.867 u | 101.07 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 3422 °C | 1668 °C | 2334 °C boiling point | 5555 °C | 3287 °C | 4150 °C molar heat of fusion | 35 kJ/mol | 18.7 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 800 kJ/mol | 425 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 132 J/(kg K) | 520 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 3422 °C | 1668 °C | 2334 °C boiling point | 5555 °C | 3287 °C | 4150 °C molar heat of fusion | 35 kJ/mol | 18.7 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 800 kJ/mol | 425 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 132 J/(kg K) | 520 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium density | 19.25 g/cm^3 | 4.507 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 liquid density | 17.6 g/cm^3 | 4.11 g/cm^3 | 10.65 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.55 cm^3/mol | 10.62 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 7.5 (between quartz and topaz) | 6 (≈ microcline) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 3430 MPa | 970 MPa | 2300 MPa Brinell hardness | 2570 MPa | 716 MPa | 2160 MPa bulk modulus | 310 GPa | 110 GPa | 220 GPa shear modulus | 161 GPa | 44 GPa | 173 GPa Young's modulus | 411 GPa | 116 GPa | 447 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.3 tensile yield strength | 750 MPa | 140 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | 0.98 GPa | 220 MPa | sound speed | 5174 m/s | 4140 m/s | 5970 m/s thermal expansion | 4.5×10^-6 K^(-1) | 8.6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 170 W/(m K) | 22 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium density | 19.25 g/cm^3 | 4.507 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 liquid density | 17.6 g/cm^3 | 4.11 g/cm^3 | 10.65 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.55 cm^3/mol | 10.62 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 7.5 (between quartz and topaz) | 6 (≈ microcline) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 3430 MPa | 970 MPa | 2300 MPa Brinell hardness | 2570 MPa | 716 MPa | 2160 MPa bulk modulus | 310 GPa | 110 GPa | 220 GPa shear modulus | 161 GPa | 44 GPa | 173 GPa Young's modulus | 411 GPa | 116 GPa | 447 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.3 tensile yield strength | 750 MPa | 140 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | 0.98 GPa | 220 MPa | sound speed | 5174 m/s | 4140 m/s | 5970 m/s thermal expansion | 4.5×10^-6 K^(-1) | 8.6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 170 W/(m K) | 22 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.84×10^-5 | 1.807×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.59×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.01×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 8.44×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.919×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.32 to 5.22) eV | 4.33 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (1.045×10^15 to 1.262×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.047×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.015 K (kelvins) | 0.4 K (kelvins) | 0.49 K (kelvins) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver)
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.84×10^-5 | 1.807×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.59×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.01×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 8.44×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.919×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.32 to 5.22) eV | 4.33 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (1.045×10^15 to 1.262×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.047×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.015 K (kelvins) | 0.4 K (kelvins) | 0.49 K (kelvins) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium valence | 6 | 4 | 6 electronegativity | 2.36 | 1.54 | 2.2 electron affinity | 78.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 7.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 770 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 658.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 770 kJ/mol | 1700 kJ/mol | 658.8 kJ/mol | 1309.8 kJ/mol | 2652.5 kJ/mol | 4174.6 kJ/mol | 9581 kJ/mol | 11533 kJ/mol | 13590 kJ/mol | 16440 kJ/mol | 18530 kJ/mol | 20833 kJ/mol | 25575 kJ/mol | 28125 kJ/mol | 76015 kJ/mol | 83280 kJ/mol | 90880 kJ/mol | 100700 kJ/mol | 109100 kJ/mol | 117800 kJ/mol | 129900 kJ/mol | 137530 kJ/mol | 602930 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium valence | 6 | 4 | 6 electronegativity | 2.36 | 1.54 | 2.2 electron affinity | 78.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 7.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 770 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 658.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 770 kJ/mol | 1700 kJ/mol | 658.8 kJ/mol | 1309.8 kJ/mol | 2652.5 kJ/mol | 4174.6 kJ/mol | 9581 kJ/mol | 11533 kJ/mol | 13590 kJ/mol | 16440 kJ/mol | 18530 kJ/mol | 20833 kJ/mol | 25575 kJ/mol | 28125 kJ/mol | 76015 kJ/mol | 83280 kJ/mol | 90880 kJ/mol | 100700 kJ/mol | 109100 kJ/mol | 117800 kJ/mol | 129900 kJ/mol | 137530 kJ/mol | 602930 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium term symbol | ^5D_0 | ^3F_2 | ^5F_5 atomic radius | 135 pm | 140 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 162 pm | 160 pm | 146 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium term symbol | ^5D_0 | ^3F_2 | ^5F_5 atomic radius | 135 pm | 140 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 162 pm | 160 pm | 146 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium universe abundance | 5×10^-8 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-5 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 1.1×10^-4 mass% | 0.66 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% ocean abundance | 1.2×10^-8 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 7×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 3×10^-10 mol% | 8×10^-6 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.023 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4×10^-10 mol% | 1.3×10^-8 mol% | 4.3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 1.2×10^-5 mol% | 0.29 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol%
| tungsten | titanium | ruthenium universe abundance | 5×10^-8 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-5 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 1.1×10^-4 mass% | 0.66 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% ocean abundance | 1.2×10^-8 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 7×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 3×10^-10 mol% | 8×10^-6 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.023 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4×10^-10 mol% | 1.3×10^-8 mol% | 4.3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 1.2×10^-5 mol% | 0.29 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol%

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