zinc vs mercury vs cadmium

zinc (chemical element) | mercury (chemical element) | cadmium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| zinc | mercury | cadmium atomic symbol | Zn | Hg | Cd atomic number | 30 | 80 | 48 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^10 | [Kr]5s^24d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 5d 4f 6s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 12 | 12 | 12 period | 4 | 6 | 5 atomic mass | 65.38 u | 200.592 u | 112.414 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| zinc | mercury | cadmium phase at STP | solid | liquid | solid melting point | 419.53 °C | -38.83 °C | 321.07 °C boiling point | 907 °C | 356.73 °C | 767 °C critical temperature | | 1750 K | critical pressure | | 172 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 7.35 kJ/mol | 2.29 kJ/mol | 6.3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 119 kJ/mol | 59.2 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 388 J/(kg K) | 139.5 J/(kg K) | 230 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| zinc | mercury | cadmium density | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 | 8.65 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.57 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 | 7.996 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.16 cm^3/mol | 14.821 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | | 2 (≈ gypsum) Brinell hardness | 412 MPa | | 203 MPa bulk modulus | 70 GPa | 25 GPa | 42 GPa shear modulus | 43 GPa | | 19 GPa Young's modulus | 108 GPa | | 50 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.25 | | 0.3 ultimate tensile strength | 37 MPa | | 75 MPa refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000933 | sound speed | 3700 m/s | 1407 m/s | 2310 m/s thermal expansion | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.81×10^-4 K^(-1) | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 8.3 W/(m K) | 97 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| zinc | mercury | cadmium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.58×10^-5 | -2.84×10^-5 | -1.99×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | 4.47 eV (Liquid) | 4.08 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.082×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 9.865×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.85 K (kelvins) | 4.154 K (kelvins) | 0.517 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray) | (silver) | (silver) refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000933 |

| zinc | mercury | cadmium valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.65 | 2 | 1.69 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1007.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 867.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol | 1007.1 kJ/mol | 1810 kJ/mol | 3300 kJ/mol | 867.8 kJ/mol | 1631.4 kJ/mol | 3616 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| zinc | mercury | cadmium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 135 pm | 150 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 122 pm | 132 pm | 144 pm van der Waals radius | 139 pm | 155 pm | 158 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| zinc | mercury | cadmium universe abundance | 3×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.018 mass% | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 4.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 0.0078 mass% | 6.7×10^-6 mass% | 1.5×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.0033 mass% | | 7×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% | 6×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 1.2×10^-8 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.0044 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.7×10^-8 mol% | 1.5×10^-10 mol% | 2.8×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0025 mol% | 7×10^-7 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | | 3.9×10^-6 mol%