H2SO4 + Cu + NaNO3 = H2O + Na2SO4 + NO2 + CuSO4

sulfuric acid + copper + sodium nitrate ⟶ water + sodium sulfate + nitrogen dioxide + copper(II) sulfate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + + ⟶ + + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 + c_3 ⟶ c_4 + c_5 + c_6 + c_7 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Cu, N and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 2 c_6 + 4 c_7 S: | c_1 = c_5 + c_7 Cu: | c_2 = c_7 N: | c_3 = c_6 Na: | c_3 = 2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 1 c_6 = 2 c_7 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + + 2 ⟶ 2 + + 2 +

+ + ⟶ + + +

sulfuric acid + copper + sodium nitrate ⟶ water + sodium sulfate + nitrogen dioxide + copper(II) sulfate

| sulfuric acid | copper | sodium nitrate | water | sodium sulfate | nitrogen dioxide | copper(II) sulfate molecular enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -467.9 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1387 kJ/mol | 33.2 kJ/mol | -771.4 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -1628 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -935.8 kJ/mol | -571.7 kJ/mol | -1387 kJ/mol | 66.4 kJ/mol | -771.4 kJ/mol | H_initial = -2564 kJ/mol | | | H_final = -2664 kJ/mol | | | ΔH_rxn^0 | -2664 kJ/mol - -2564 kJ/mol = -99.96 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | | | | |

| sulfuric acid | copper | sodium nitrate | water | sodium sulfate | nitrogen dioxide | copper(II) sulfate Hill formula | H_2O_4S | Cu | NNaO_3 | H_2O | Na_2O_4S | NO_2 | CuO_4S name | sulfuric acid | copper | sodium nitrate | water | sodium sulfate | nitrogen dioxide | copper(II) sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | copper | sodium nitrate | water | disodium sulfate | Nitrogen dioxide | copper sulfate