calcium vs potassium vs scandium

calcium (chemical element) | potassium (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | potassium | scandium atomic symbol | Ca | K | Sc atomic number | 20 | 19 | 21 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ar]4s^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 4s | 3d 4s block | s | s | d group | 2 | 1 | 3 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 39.0983 u | 44.955908 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | potassium | scandium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 63.38 °C | 1541 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 759 °C | 2830 °C critical temperature | | 2223 K | critical pressure | | 16 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 2.33 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 76.9 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 757 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | potassium | scandium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 0.856 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 0.828 g/cm^3 | 2.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 45.7 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) | Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | 0.363 MPa | 750 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 3.1 GPa | 57 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | 1.3 GPa | 29 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | | 74 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | | 0.28 tensile yield strength | | | 173 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 255 MPa sound speed | 3810 m/s | 2000 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 100 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | potassium | scandium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | 5.74×10^-6 | 2.627×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.05 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| calcium | potassium | scandium valence | 2 | 1 | 3 electronegativity | 1 | 0.82 | 1.36 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | potassium | scandium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2D_(3/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 220 pm | 160 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 203 pm | 170 pm van der Waals radius | | 275 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | potassium | scandium universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 1.5 mass% | 0.0026 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.2 mass% | universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 0.037 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.0066 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 0.78 mol% | 0.0012 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.032 mol% |