Input interpretation
![CaCl_2 calcium chloride + Na_2SO_3 sodium sulfite ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + CaSO3](../image_source/1150cf34d443df26f87708059cb1d99f.png)
CaCl_2 calcium chloride + Na_2SO_3 sodium sulfite ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + CaSO3
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 CaCl_2 + c_2 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ c_3 NaCl + c_4 CaSO3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, Cl, Na, O and S: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_3 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_3 O: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3](../image_source/4eec995731981aade89d8be589babb34.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 CaCl_2 + c_2 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ c_3 NaCl + c_4 CaSO3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, Cl, Na, O and S: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_3 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_3 O: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3
Structures
![+ ⟶ + CaSO3](../image_source/67c950150658ee1072a2ef8efb3f5c3e.png)
+ ⟶ + CaSO3
Names
![calcium chloride + sodium sulfite ⟶ sodium chloride + CaSO3](../image_source/fc97c572a4fbb824f270427c28a3e973.png)
calcium chloride + sodium sulfite ⟶ sodium chloride + CaSO3
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CaCl2])^(-1) Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SO3])^(-1) NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 | [CaSO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([CaCl2])^(-1) ([Na2SO3])^(-1) ([NaCl])^2 [CaSO3] = (([NaCl])^2 [CaSO3])/([CaCl2] [Na2SO3])](../image_source/6ea456df86e5a99e6699feeacf90232b.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CaCl2])^(-1) Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SO3])^(-1) NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 | [CaSO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([CaCl2])^(-1) ([Na2SO3])^(-1) ([NaCl])^2 [CaSO3] = (([NaCl])^2 [CaSO3])/([CaCl2] [Na2SO3])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) CaSO3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaSO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaSO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/8ef0e4de04b5c417860dfd230af864e6.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ NaCl + CaSO3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: CaCl_2 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 NaCl + CaSO3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 CaSO3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term CaCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) Na_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) CaSO3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaSO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[CaCl2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaSO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | CaSO3 formula | CaCl_2 | Na_2SO_3 | NaCl | CaSO3 Hill formula | CaCl_2 | Na_2O_3S | ClNa | CaO3S name | calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | IUPAC name | calcium dichloride | disodium sulfite | sodium chloride |](../image_source/d2ba379c94dc5b3c668db46481503182.png)
| calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | CaSO3 formula | CaCl_2 | Na_2SO_3 | NaCl | CaSO3 Hill formula | CaCl_2 | Na_2O_3S | ClNa | CaO3S name | calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | IUPAC name | calcium dichloride | disodium sulfite | sodium chloride |
Substance properties
![| calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | CaSO3 molar mass | 111 g/mol | 126.04 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 120.1 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 772 °C | 500 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | | | 1413 °C | density | 2.15 g/cm^3 | 2.63 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | soluble | odor | | | odorless |](../image_source/6da2d9833d3fa255279feec9a6fdf1e4.png)
| calcium chloride | sodium sulfite | sodium chloride | CaSO3 molar mass | 111 g/mol | 126.04 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 120.1 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 772 °C | 500 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | | | 1413 °C | density | 2.15 g/cm^3 | 2.63 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | soluble | odor | | | odorless |
Units