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H2SO4 + Al2(CO3)3 = H2O + CO2 + Al2(SO4)3

Input interpretation

H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O water + CO_2 carbon dioxide + Al_2(SO_4)_3 aluminum sulfate
H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O water + CO_2 carbon dioxide + Al_2(SO_4)_3 aluminum sulfate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 Al_2(SO_4)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Al and C: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + 9 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 12 c_5 S: | c_1 = 3 c_5 Al: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_5 C: | 3 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 Al_2(SO_4)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Al and C: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + 9 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 12 c_5 S: | c_1 = 3 c_5 Al: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_5 C: | 3 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3

Structures

+ Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ + +
+ Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ + +

Names

sulfuric acid + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + aluminum sulfate
sulfuric acid + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + aluminum sulfate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | ([H2SO4])^(-3) Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 | ([Al2(CO3)3])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Al2(SO4)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-3) ([Al2(CO3)3])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [Al2(SO4)3] = (([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [Al2(SO4)3])/(([H2SO4])^3 [Al2(CO3)3])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | ([H2SO4])^(-3) Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 | ([Al2(CO3)3])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Al2(SO4)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-3) ([Al2(CO3)3])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [Al2(SO4)3] = (([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [Al2(SO4)3])/(([H2SO4])^3 [Al2(CO3)3])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Al2(CO3)3])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Al2(CO3)3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + Al2(CO3)3 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + Al_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) Al2(CO3)3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Al2(CO3)3])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) Al_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Al2(CO3)3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sulfuric acid | Al2(CO3)3 | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate formula | H_2SO_4 | Al2(CO3)3 | H_2O | CO_2 | Al_2(SO_4)_3 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | C3Al2O9 | H_2O | CO_2 | Al_2O_12S_3 name | sulfuric acid | | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | | water | carbon dioxide | dialuminum trisulfate
| sulfuric acid | Al2(CO3)3 | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate formula | H_2SO_4 | Al2(CO3)3 | H_2O | CO_2 | Al_2(SO_4)_3 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | C3Al2O9 | H_2O | CO_2 | Al_2O_12S_3 name | sulfuric acid | | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | | water | carbon dioxide | dialuminum trisulfate

Substance properties

| sulfuric acid | Al2(CO3)3 | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 233.99 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 44.009 g/mol | 342.1 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | | 0 °C | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 770 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | | 99.9839 °C | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 2.71 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | | | soluble surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless |
| sulfuric acid | Al2(CO3)3 | water | carbon dioxide | aluminum sulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 233.99 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 44.009 g/mol | 342.1 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | | 0 °C | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 770 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | | 99.9839 °C | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 2.71 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | | | soluble surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless |

Units

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