Input interpretation
![Al aluminum + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride ⟶ Cu copper + AlCl](../image_source/24cb5591fb354a0ce1920593af772371.png)
Al aluminum + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride ⟶ Cu copper + AlCl
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Al + c_2 CuCl_2 ⟶ c_3 Cu + c_4 AlCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, Cl and Cu: Al: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cu: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl](../image_source/016264fc71ee541830f98d07ff1f0324.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Al + c_2 CuCl_2 ⟶ c_3 Cu + c_4 AlCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, Cl and Cu: Al: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cu: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl
Structures
![+ ⟶ + AlCl](../image_source/87d29810ea947ce114b289e60623b5eb.png)
+ ⟶ + AlCl
Names
![aluminum + copper(II) chloride ⟶ copper + AlCl](../image_source/f57caa0b01f61545e703242b724d863f.png)
aluminum + copper(II) chloride ⟶ copper + AlCl
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 Cu | 1 | 1 AlCl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Al | 2 | -2 | ([Al])^(-2) CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CuCl2])^(-1) Cu | 1 | 1 | [Cu] AlCl | 2 | 2 | ([AlCl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Al])^(-2) ([CuCl2])^(-1) [Cu] ([AlCl])^2 = ([Cu] ([AlCl])^2)/(([Al])^2 [CuCl2])](../image_source/63598197c3a5443927570a6684986583.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 Cu | 1 | 1 AlCl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Al | 2 | -2 | ([Al])^(-2) CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CuCl2])^(-1) Cu | 1 | 1 | [Cu] AlCl | 2 | 2 | ([AlCl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Al])^(-2) ([CuCl2])^(-1) [Cu] ([AlCl])^2 = ([Cu] ([AlCl])^2)/(([Al])^2 [CuCl2])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 Cu | 1 | 1 AlCl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Al | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) Cu | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) AlCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[AlCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[AlCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/213ab2d5b41c0eaf61226b9976aa591c.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + AlCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al + CuCl_2 ⟶ Cu + 2 AlCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 Cu | 1 | 1 AlCl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Al | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) Cu | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) AlCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[AlCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[AlCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | AlCl formula | Al | CuCl_2 | Cu | AlCl Hill formula | Al | Cl_2Cu | Cu | AlCl name | aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | IUPAC name | aluminum | dichlorocopper | copper |](../image_source/efa9ab962eb48d9a62033d4703163ec8.png)
| aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | AlCl formula | Al | CuCl_2 | Cu | AlCl Hill formula | Al | Cl_2Cu | Cu | AlCl name | aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | IUPAC name | aluminum | dichlorocopper | copper |
Substance properties
![| aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | AlCl molar mass | 26.9815385 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol | 63.546 g/mol | 62.43 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 660.4 °C | 620 °C | 1083 °C | boiling point | 2460 °C | | 2567 °C | density | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 | 8.96 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | insoluble | | insoluble | surface tension | 0.817 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 1.5×10^-4 Pa s (at 760 °C) | | | odor | odorless | | odorless |](../image_source/3ac2fa532d8b9f39ae9195fb6c665260.png)
| aluminum | copper(II) chloride | copper | AlCl molar mass | 26.9815385 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol | 63.546 g/mol | 62.43 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 660.4 °C | 620 °C | 1083 °C | boiling point | 2460 °C | | 2567 °C | density | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 | 8.96 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | insoluble | | insoluble | surface tension | 0.817 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 1.5×10^-4 Pa s (at 760 °C) | | | odor | odorless | | odorless |
Units