tin vs rubidium vs niobium

tin (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element) | niobium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| tin | rubidium | niobium atomic symbol | Sn | Rb | Nb atomic number | 50 | 37 | 41 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^2 | [Kr]5s^1 | [Kr]5s^14d^4 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 5s | 4d 5s block | p | s | d group | 14 | 1 | 5 period | 5 | 5 | 5 atomic mass | 118.71 u | 85.4678 u | 92.90637 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| tin | rubidium | niobium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 231.93 °C | 39.31 °C | 2477 °C boiling point | 2602 °C | 688 °C | 4744 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | 2093 K | critical pressure | (unknown) | 16 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 7 kJ/mol | 2.19 kJ/mol | 26.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 290 kJ/mol | 72 kJ/mol | 690 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 217 J/(kg K) | 364 J/(kg K) | 265 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| tin | rubidium | niobium density | 7.31 g/cm^3 | 1.532 g/cm^3 | 8.57 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.99 g/cm^3 | 1.46 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 16.24 cm^3/mol | 55.79 cm^3/mol | 10.84 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 0.3 (between talc and gypsum) | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | | | 1320 MPa Brinell hardness | 51 MPa | 0.216 MPa | 736 MPa bulk modulus | 58 GPa | 2.5 GPa | 170 GPa shear modulus | 18 GPa | | 38 GPa Young's modulus | 50 GPa | 2.4 GPa | 105 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.36 | | 0.4 ultimate tensile strength | 220 MPa | | sound speed | 2500 m/s | 1300 m/s | 3480 m/s thermal expansion | 2.2×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 7.3×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 67 W/(m K) | 58 W/(m K) | 54 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| tin | rubidium | niobium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 9.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 8.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.27×10^-5 | 3.98×10^-6 | 2.37×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.76×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.22×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.56×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.42 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.26 eV (Polycrystalline) | (3.95 to 4.87) eV threshold frequency | 1.069×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 5.467×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (9.551×10^14 to 1.178×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 3.72 K (kelvins) | | 9.25 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (gray)

| tin | rubidium | niobium valence | 4 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 1.96 | 0.82 | 1.6 electron affinity | 107.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 46.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 86.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 708.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 403 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 652.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 708.6 kJ/mol | 1411.8 kJ/mol | 2943 kJ/mol | 3930.3 kJ/mol | 7456 kJ/mol | 403 kJ/mol | 2633 kJ/mol | 3860 kJ/mol | 5080 kJ/mol | 6850 kJ/mol | 8140 kJ/mol | 9570 kJ/mol | 13120 kJ/mol | 14500 kJ/mol | 26740 kJ/mol | 652.1 kJ/mol | 1380 kJ/mol | 2416 kJ/mol | 3700 kJ/mol | 4877 kJ/mol | 9847 kJ/mol | 12100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| tin | rubidium | niobium term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^6D_(1/2) atomic radius | 145 pm | 235 pm | 145 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 220 pm | 164 pm van der Waals radius | 217 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)

| tin | rubidium | niobium universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 9×10^-7 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 3.2×10^-4 mass% | 1.9×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 0.0017 mass% ocean abundance | 1×10^-9 mass% | 1.2×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-10 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 4.6×10^-4 mass% | universe molar abundance | 4×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 0 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.7×10^-5 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.2×10^-11 mol% | 8.7×10^-7 mol% | 6.7×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.8×10^-5 mol% | 0.0014 mol% | 3.7×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 1.1×10^-6 mol% | 3.4×10^-5 mol% |