HNO3 + AsH3 = H2O + NO2 + H3AsO4

HNO_3 (nitric acid) + AsH_3 (arsine) ⟶ H_2O (water) + NO_2 (nitrogen dioxide) + H_3AsO_4 (arsenic acid, solid)

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO_2 + H_3AsO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 AsH_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NO_2 + c_5 H_3AsO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O and As: H: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 3 c_5 N: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 3 c_1 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 4 c_5 As: | c_2 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 8 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO_2 + H_3AsO_4

+ ⟶ + +

nitric acid + arsine ⟶ water + nitrogen dioxide + arsenic acid, solid

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO_2 + H_3AsO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO_2 + H_3AsO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 AsH_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO_2 | 8 | 8 H_3AsO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | ([HNO3])^(-8) AsH_3 | 1 | -1 | ([AsH3])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 NO_2 | 8 | 8 | ([NO2])^8 H_3AsO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H3AsO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HNO3])^(-8) ([AsH3])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([NO2])^8 [H3AsO4] = (([H2O])^4 ([NO2])^8 [H3AsO4])/(([HNO3])^8 [AsH3])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO_2 + H_3AsO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + AsH_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO_2 + H_3AsO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 AsH_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO_2 | 8 | 8 H_3AsO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) AsH_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AsH3])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NO_2 | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) H_3AsO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H3AsO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[AsH3])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H3AsO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| nitric acid | arsine | water | nitrogen dioxide | arsenic acid, solid formula | HNO_3 | AsH_3 | H_2O | NO_2 | H_3AsO_4 Hill formula | HNO_3 | AsH_3 | H_2O | NO_2 | AsH_3O_4 name | nitric acid | arsine | water | nitrogen dioxide | arsenic acid, solid IUPAC name | nitric acid | arsane | water | Nitrogen dioxide | arsoric acid