Input interpretation
carbon dioxide + cupric oxide ⟶ copper(II) carbonate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, O and Cu: C: | c_1 = c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 3 c_3 Cu: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶
Structures
+ ⟶
Names
carbon dioxide + cupric oxide ⟶ copper(II) carbonate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate molecular enthalpy | -393.5 kJ/mol | -157.3 kJ/mol | -595 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -393.5 kJ/mol | -157.3 kJ/mol | -595 kJ/mol | H_initial = -550.8 kJ/mol | | H_final = -595 kJ/mol ΔH_rxn^0 | -595 kJ/mol - -550.8 kJ/mol = -44.2 kJ/mol (exothermic) | |
Gibbs free energy
| carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate molecular free energy | -394.4 kJ/mol | -129.7 kJ/mol | -518 kJ/mol total free energy | -394.4 kJ/mol | -129.7 kJ/mol | -518 kJ/mol | G_initial = -524.1 kJ/mol | | G_final = -518 kJ/mol ΔG_rxn^0 | -518 kJ/mol - -524.1 kJ/mol = 6.1 kJ/mol (endergonic) | |
Entropy
| carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate molecular entropy | 214 J/(mol K) | 43 J/(mol K) | 88 J/(mol K) total entropy | 214 J/(mol K) | 43 J/(mol K) | 88 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 257 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 88 J/(mol K) ΔS_rxn^0 | 88 J/(mol K) - 257 J/(mol K) = -169 J/(mol K) (exoentropic) | |
Chemical names and formulas
| carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate Hill formula | CO_2 | CuO | CCuO_3 name | carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate IUPAC name | carbon dioxide | | copper carbonate
Substance properties
| carbon dioxide | cupric oxide | copper(II) carbonate molar mass | 44.009 g/mol | 79.545 g/mol | 123.55 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 1326 °C | 200 °C boiling point | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | 2000 °C | density | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 6.315 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | insoluble | dynamic viscosity | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | |
Units
