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gallium

Input interpretation

gallium (chemical element)
gallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Ga atomic number | 31 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s block | p group | 13 period | 4 atomic mass | 69.723 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Ga atomic number | 31 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s block | p group | 13 period | 4 atomic mass | 69.723 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 29.76 °C (rank: 88th) boiling point | 2204 °C (rank: 50th) molar heat of fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol (rank: 67th) molar heat of vaporization | 256 kJ/mol (rank: 49th) specific heat at STP | 371 J/(kg K) (rank: 33rd) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 29.76 °C (rank: 88th) boiling point | 2204 °C (rank: 50th) molar heat of fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol (rank: 67th) molar heat of vaporization | 256 kJ/mol (rank: 49th) specific heat at STP | 371 J/(kg K) (rank: 33rd) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 5.904 g/cm^3 (rank: 59th) liquid density | 6.095 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11.81 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 60 MPa (rank: 50th) sound speed | 2740 m/s (rank: 37th) thermal expansion | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) (rank: 2nd) thermal conductivity | 29 W/(m K) (rank: 44th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 5.904 g/cm^3 (rank: 59th) liquid density | 6.095 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11.81 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 60 MPa (rank: 50th) sound speed | 2740 m/s (rank: 37th) thermal expansion | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) (rank: 2nd) thermal conductivity | 29 W/(m K) (rank: 44th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 1.083 K (kelvins) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 1.083 K (kelvins) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 3 electronegativity | 1.81 electron affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol
valence | 3 electronegativity | 1.81 electron affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 130 pm covalent radius | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 187 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 130 pm covalent radius | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 187 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral gallium atomic spectrum)
(neutral gallium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% (rank: 31st) meteorite abundance | 7.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 27th) crust abundance | 0.0019 mass% (rank: 33rd) ocean abundance | 3×10^-9 mass% (rank: 46th) universe molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 34th) solar molar abundance | 6×10^-8 mol% (rank: 30th) meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 30th) ocean molar abundance | 2.7×10^-10 mol% (rank: 56th) crust molar abundance | 5.5×10^-4 mol% (rank: 33rd)
universe abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% (rank: 31st) meteorite abundance | 7.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 27th) crust abundance | 0.0019 mass% (rank: 33rd) ocean abundance | 3×10^-9 mass% (rank: 46th) universe molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 34th) solar molar abundance | 6×10^-8 mol% (rank: 30th) meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 30th) ocean molar abundance | 2.7×10^-10 mol% (rank: 56th) crust molar abundance | 5.5×10^-4 mol% (rank: 33rd)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ga-69 (60.108%) | Ga-71 (39.892%) nuclear spin | Ga-56: 3^+ | Ga-57: 1/2^- | Ga-58: 2^+ | Ga-59: 3/2^- | Ga-60: 2^+ | Ga-61: 3/2^- | Ga-62: 0^+ | Ga-63: 3/2^- | Ga-64: 0^+ | Ga-65: 3/2^- | Ga-66: 0^+ | Ga-67: 3/2^- | Ga-68: 1^+ | Ga-69: 3/2^- | Ga-70: 1^+ | Ga-71: 3/2^- | Ga-72: 3^- | Ga-73: 3/2^- | Ga-74: 3^- | Ga-75: 3/2^- | Ga-77: 3/2^- | Ga-78: 3^+ | Ga-79: 3/2^- | Ga-80: 3^? | Ga-81: 5/2^- | Ga-83: 3/2^- | Ga-85: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | Ga-67 (78.281 h) | Ga-72 (14.1 h) | Ga-66 (9.5 h) | Ga-73 (4.86 h) | Ga-68 (67.72 min) | Ga-70 (21.13 min) | Ga-65 (15.2 min) | Ga-74 (8.12 min) | Ga-64 (157.6 s) | Ga-75 (126 s) | Ga-76 (32.6 s) | Ga-63 (32.4 s) | Ga-77 (13.2 s) | Ga-78 (5.09 s) | Ga-79 (2.847 s) | Ga-80 (1.676 s) | Ga-81 (1.217 s) | Ga-82 (599 ms) | Ga-83 (308 ms) | Ga-61 (168 ms) | Ga-62 (116.12 ms) | Ga-84 (85 ms) | Ga-60 (70 ms) | Ga-86 (150 ns) | Ga-85 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 2.9 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0015 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ga-69 (60.108%) | Ga-71 (39.892%) nuclear spin | Ga-56: 3^+ | Ga-57: 1/2^- | Ga-58: 2^+ | Ga-59: 3/2^- | Ga-60: 2^+ | Ga-61: 3/2^- | Ga-62: 0^+ | Ga-63: 3/2^- | Ga-64: 0^+ | Ga-65: 3/2^- | Ga-66: 0^+ | Ga-67: 3/2^- | Ga-68: 1^+ | Ga-69: 3/2^- | Ga-70: 1^+ | Ga-71: 3/2^- | Ga-72: 3^- | Ga-73: 3/2^- | Ga-74: 3^- | Ga-75: 3/2^- | Ga-77: 3/2^- | Ga-78: 3^+ | Ga-79: 3/2^- | Ga-80: 3^? | Ga-81: 5/2^- | Ga-83: 3/2^- | Ga-85: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | Ga-67 (78.281 h) | Ga-72 (14.1 h) | Ga-66 (9.5 h) | Ga-73 (4.86 h) | Ga-68 (67.72 min) | Ga-70 (21.13 min) | Ga-65 (15.2 min) | Ga-74 (8.12 min) | Ga-64 (157.6 s) | Ga-75 (126 s) | Ga-76 (32.6 s) | Ga-63 (32.4 s) | Ga-77 (13.2 s) | Ga-78 (5.09 s) | Ga-79 (2.847 s) | Ga-80 (1.676 s) | Ga-81 (1.217 s) | Ga-82 (599 ms) | Ga-83 (308 ms) | Ga-61 (168 ms) | Ga-62 (116.12 ms) | Ga-84 (85 ms) | Ga-60 (70 ms) | Ga-86 (150 ns) | Ga-85 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 2.9 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0015 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-55-3 PubChem CID number | 5360835
CAS number | 7440-55-3 PubChem CID number | 5360835

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