potassium vs calcium vs zirconium

potassium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | zirconium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| potassium | calcium | zirconium atomic symbol | K | Ca | Zr atomic number | 19 | 20 | 40 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^1 | [Ar]4s^2 | [Kr]5s^24d^2 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 4s | 4d 5s block | s | s | d group | 1 | 2 | 4 period | 4 | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 39.0983 u | 40.078 u | 91.224 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| potassium | calcium | zirconium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 63.38 °C | 842 °C | 1855 °C boiling point | 759 °C | 1484 °C | 4409 °C critical temperature | 2223 K | | (unknown) critical pressure | 16 MPa | | (unknown) molar heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 21 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 757 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) | 278 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| potassium | calcium | zirconium density | 0.856 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 6.511 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.828 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 5.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 45.7 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 14.01 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 5 (≈ apatite) Vickers hardness | | | 903 MPa Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa | 167 MPa | 650 MPa bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa | 17 GPa | (unknown) shear modulus | 1.3 GPa | 7.4 GPa | 33 GPa Young's modulus | | 20 GPa | 68 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.31 | 0.34 tensile yield strength | | | 230 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 330 MPa sound speed | 2000 m/s | 3810 m/s | 3800 m/s thermal expansion | | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) | 23 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| potassium | calcium | zirconium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 5.74×10^-6 | 2.139×10^-5 | 1.09×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.61 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| potassium | calcium | zirconium valence | 1 | 2 | 4 electronegativity | 0.82 | 1 | 1.33 electron affinity | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| potassium | calcium | zirconium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^3F_2 atomic radius | 220 pm | 180 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 203 pm | 176 pm | 175 pm van der Waals radius | 275 pm | | (unknown) (electronic ground state properties)

| potassium | calcium | zirconium universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 5×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.07 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 6.6×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 1.5 mass% | 5 mass% | 0.013 mass% ocean abundance | 0.042 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 2.6×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 1.4 mass% | 5×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 7×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 5×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.037 mol% | 0.52 mol% | 1.6×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0066 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.8×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.78 mol% | 2.6 mol% | 0.003 mol% human molar abundance | 0.032 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol%