Input interpretation
gold | Aufbau diagram
Result
![Build the ground-state orbital diagram for: gold (Au) Plan: • Look up the abbreviated (condensed) ground electronic configuration. • Use the electronic configuration to identify the outermost electrons. • Determine the energetic ordering of atomic orbital subshells. • Use the following representations: a gray rectangle for an atomic orbital, an up arrow for an alpha (spin-up) spin state and a down arrow for a beta (spin-down) spin state. • Follow the Pauli exclusion principle by representing the first electron in each atomic orbital with an alpha spin state and the second electron with a beta spin state. • Place electrons into orbitals following the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. The abbreviated ground electronic configuration for gold is: [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Electrons in atomic orbitals outside of the xenon core, [Xe], are the outermost electrons: 6s^14f^145d^10 Atomic orbital energy usually increases from 1s to 8s in the following order: The orbital filling order in gold is an exception to the usual energetic ordering of atomic orbitals: This reflects a change in the atomic orbital energies for gold rather than a violation of the Aufbau principle. Follow Hund's rule by placing one alpha electron into the 6s orbital: 6s Place fourteen electrons as alpha-beta pairs into the seven 4f orbitals: 4f 6s Place ten electrons as alpha-beta pairs into the five 5d orbitals: Answer: | | 5d 4f 6s](../image_source/74a313c9bae03b8982e595bc394ae0ce.png)
Build the ground-state orbital diagram for: gold (Au) Plan: • Look up the abbreviated (condensed) ground electronic configuration. • Use the electronic configuration to identify the outermost electrons. • Determine the energetic ordering of atomic orbital subshells. • Use the following representations: a gray rectangle for an atomic orbital, an up arrow for an alpha (spin-up) spin state and a down arrow for a beta (spin-down) spin state. • Follow the Pauli exclusion principle by representing the first electron in each atomic orbital with an alpha spin state and the second electron with a beta spin state. • Place electrons into orbitals following the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. The abbreviated ground electronic configuration for gold is: [Xe]6s^14f^145d^10 Electrons in atomic orbitals outside of the xenon core, [Xe], are the outermost electrons: 6s^14f^145d^10 Atomic orbital energy usually increases from 1s to 8s in the following order: The orbital filling order in gold is an exception to the usual energetic ordering of atomic orbitals: This reflects a change in the atomic orbital energies for gold rather than a violation of the Aufbau principle. Follow Hund's rule by placing one alpha electron into the 6s orbital: 6s Place fourteen electrons as alpha-beta pairs into the seven 4f orbitals: 4f 6s Place ten electrons as alpha-beta pairs into the five 5d orbitals: Answer: | | 5d 4f 6s