polonium vs sulfur vs selenium vs tellurium vs iron

polonium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | selenium (chemical element) | tellurium (chemical element) | iron (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration polonium | Po | 84 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 selenium | Se | 34 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^4 tellurium | Te | 52 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^4 iron | Fe | 26 | [Ar]4s^23d^6 | Aufbau diagram | block | group polonium | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 16 sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 selenium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 16 tellurium | 5p 4d 5s | p | 16 iron | 3d 4s | d | 8 | period | atomic mass | half-life polonium | 6 | 209 u | 102 yr sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable) selenium | 4 | 78.971 u | (stable) tellurium | 5 | 127.6 u | (stable) iron | 4 | 55.845 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 254 °C | highest | 1538 °C (iron) | lowest | 115.21 °C (sulfur) boiling point | median | 962 °C | highest | 2861 °C (iron) | lowest | 444.72 °C (sulfur) molar heat of fusion | median | 13 kJ/mol | highest | 17.5 kJ/mol (tellurium) | lowest | 1.73 kJ/mol (sulfur) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 48 kJ/mol | highest | 347 kJ/mol (iron) | lowest | 9.8 kJ/mol (sulfur) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 385 J/(kg K) | highest | 705 J/(kg K) (sulfur) | lowest | 201 J/(kg K) (tellurium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 6.24 g/cm^3 | highest | 9.196 g/cm^3 (polonium) | lowest | 1.96 g/cm^3 (sulfur) | distribution | liquid density | median | 4.845 g/cm^3 | highest | 6.98 g/cm^3 (iron) | lowest | 1.819 g/cm^3 (sulfur) | distribution | molar volume | median | 16.39 cm^3/mol | highest | 22.7 cm^3/mol (polonium) | lowest | 7.092 cm^3/mol (iron) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.1 | highest | 4 (≈ fluorite) (iron) | lowest | 2 (≈ gypsum) (sulfur and selenium) Vickers hardness | all | 608 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 180 MPa | 490 MPa | 736 MPa bulk modulus | median | 37 GPa | highest | 170 GPa (iron) | lowest | 7.7 GPa (sulfur) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 16 GPa | highest | 82 GPa (iron) | lowest | 3.7 GPa (selenium) Young's modulus | median | 43 GPa | highest | 211 GPa (iron) | lowest | 10 GPa (selenium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.29 | 0.33 ultimate tensile strength | all | 11 MPa refractive index | median | 1.000991 | highest | 1.001111 (sulfur) | lowest | 1.000895 (selenium) sound speed | median | 3350 m/s | highest | 4910 m/s (iron) | lowest | 2610 m/s (tellurium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 2 W/(m K) | highest | 80 W/(m K) (iron) | lowest | 0.205 W/(m K) (sulfur) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 9.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (iron) electrical conductivity | median | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (iron) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.93×10^-5 | highest | -1.22×10^-5 (sulfur) | lowest | -2.43×10^-5 (tellurium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -4×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | -3.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (tellurium) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (sulfur) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -3.16×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | -4.98×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (tellurium) | distribution | work function | all | 4.95 eV | 5.9 eV | (4.67 to 4.81) eV

valence | median | 6 | highest | 6 (4 elements) | lowest | 3 (iron) electronegativity | median | 2.1 | highest | 2.58 (sulfur) | lowest | 1.83 (iron) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 190.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 15.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (iron) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 869.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 762.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (iron) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^3P_2 | ^5D_4 atomic radius | median | 140 pm | highest | 190 pm (polonium) | lowest | 100 pm (sulfur) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 132 pm | highest | 140 pm (polonium) | lowest | 105 pm (sulfur) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 190 pm | highest | 206 pm (tellurium) | lowest | 180 pm (sulfur) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.025 mass% | highest | 0.11 mass% (iron) | lowest | 9×10^-7 mass% (tellurium) | distribution | meteorite abundance | median | 2 mass% | highest | 22 mass% (iron) | lowest | 2.1×10^-4 mass% (tellurium) crust abundance | median | 0.021 mass% | highest | 6.3 mass% (iron) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mass% (tellurium) ocean abundance | median | 1.7×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.093 mass% (sulfur) | lowest | 2×10^-18 mass% (polonium) human abundance | median | 0.003 mass% | highest | 0.2 mass% (sulfur) | lowest | 0 mass% (polonium) universe molar abundance | median | 0.001 mol% | highest | 0.002 mol% (sulfur and iron) | lowest | 9×10^-9 mol% (tellurium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.1 mol% | highest | 7.8 mol% (iron) | lowest | 3×10^-5 mol% (tellurium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.018 mol% (sulfur) | lowest | 3.5×10^-9 mol% (selenium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.014 mol% | highest | 2.3 mol% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-8 mol% (tellurium) human molar abundance | median | 3.4×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.039 mol% (sulfur) | lowest | 0 mol% (polonium)