potassium vs sodium vs rubidium vs ytterbium

potassium (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element) | ytterbium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration potassium | K | 19 | [Ar]4s^1 sodium | Na | 11 | [Ne]3s^1 rubidium | Rb | 37 | [Kr]5s^1 ytterbium | Yb | 70 | [Xe]6s^24f^14 | Aufbau diagram | block | group potassium | 4s | s | 1 sodium | 3s | s | 1 rubidium | 5s | s | 1 ytterbium | 4f 6s | f | | period | atomic mass | half-life potassium | 4 | 39.0983 u | (stable) sodium | 3 | 22.98976928 u | (stable) rubidium | 5 | 85.4678 u | (stable) ytterbium | 6 | 173.045 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 80.55 °C | highest | 819 °C (ytterbium) | lowest | 39.31 °C (rubidium) boiling point | median | 821 °C | highest | 1196 °C (ytterbium) | lowest | 688 °C (rubidium) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 2223 K | highest | 2573 K (sodium) | lowest | 2093 K (rubidium) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 16 MPa | highest | 35 MPa (sodium) | lowest | 16 MPa (potassium and rubidium) molar heat of fusion | median | 2.46 kJ/mol | highest | 7.7 kJ/mol (ytterbium) | lowest | 2.19 kJ/mol (rubidium) molar heat of vaporization | median | 87.3 kJ/mol | highest | 160 kJ/mol (ytterbium) | lowest | 72 kJ/mol (rubidium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 561 J/(kg K) | highest | 1230 J/(kg K) (sodium) | lowest | 154 J/(kg K) (ytterbium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.25 g/cm^3 | highest | 6.57 g/cm^3 (ytterbium) | lowest | 0.856 g/cm^3 (potassium) liquid density | median | 1.19 g/cm^3 | highest | 6.21 g/cm^3 (ytterbium) | lowest | 0.828 g/cm^3 (potassium) molar volume | median | 36 cm^3/mol | highest | 55.79 cm^3/mol (rubidium) | lowest | 23.7 cm^3/mol (sodium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 0.4 | highest | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) (sodium) | lowest | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) (potassium and rubidium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 206 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 0.216 MPa | 0.363 MPa | 0.69 MPa | 343 MPa bulk modulus | median | 4.7 GPa | highest | 31 GPa (ytterbium) | lowest | 2.5 GPa (rubidium) shear modulus | median | 3.3 GPa | highest | 9.9 GPa (ytterbium) | lowest | 1.3 GPa (potassium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 10 GPa | highest | 24 GPa (ytterbium) | lowest | 2.4 GPa (rubidium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.21 ultimate tensile strength | all | 10 MPa | 72 MPa sound speed | median | 1800 m/s | highest | 3200 m/s (sodium) | lowest | 1300 m/s (rubidium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 79 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (sodium) | lowest | 39 W/(m K) (ytterbium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 9.5×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2.8×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (ytterbium) | lowest | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (sodium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (sodium) | lowest | 3.6×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (ytterbium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 7.1×10^-6 | highest | 3.88×10^-5 (ytterbium) | lowest | 3.98×10^-6 (rubidium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (sodium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (rubidium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.42×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.02×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (ytterbium) | lowest | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (sodium) | distribution | work function | all | 2.26 eV | 2.29 eV | 2.36 eV

valence | median | 1 | highest | 3 (ytterbium) | lowest | 1 (3 elements) electronegativity | median | 0.82 | highest | 0.93 (sodium) | lowest | 0.82 (potassium and rubidium) electron affinity | median | 49 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sodium) | lowest | 46.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (rubidium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 457.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 603.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (ytterbium) | lowest | 403 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (rubidium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | median | 200 pm | highest | 235 pm (rubidium) | lowest | 175 pm (ytterbium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 195 pm | highest | 220 pm (rubidium) | lowest | 166 pm (sodium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 1.5×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.002 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mass% (ytterbium) solar abundance | median | 2×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.004 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (ytterbium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.035 mass% | highest | 0.55 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1.8×10^-5 mass% (ytterbium) crust abundance | median | 0.75 mass% | highest | 2.3 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 2.8×10^-4 mass% (ytterbium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 0.021 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 8×10^-11 mass% (ytterbium) human abundance | median | 0.14 mass% | highest | 0.2 mass% (potassium) | lowest | 4.6×10^-4 mass% (rubidium) | distribution | universe molar abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 1×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-9 mol% (ytterbium) solar molar abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (ytterbium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.019 mol% | highest | 0.48 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mol% (ytterbium) ocean molar abundance | median | 0.0033 mol% | highest | 0.3 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.9×10^-12 mol% (ytterbium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.39 mol% | highest | 2.1 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 3.4×10^-5 mol% (ytterbium) | distribution | human molar abundance | median | 0.032 mol% | highest | 0.038 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 3.4×10^-5 mol% (rubidium)