NaOH + NH4NO3 = H2O + NH3 + NaNO3

NaOH sodium hydroxide + NH_4NO_3 ammonium nitrate ⟶ H_2O water + NH_3 ammonia + NaNO_3 sodium nitrate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 NH_4NO_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NH_3 + c_5 NaNO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and N: H: | c_1 + 4 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 3 c_4 Na: | c_1 = c_5 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_5 N: | 2 c_2 = c_4 + c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3

+ ⟶ + +

sodium hydroxide + ammonium nitrate ⟶ water + ammonia + sodium nitrate

| sodium hydroxide | ammonium nitrate | water | ammonia | sodium nitrate molecular free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -183.9 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol | -366 kJ/mol total free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -183.9 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol | -366 kJ/mol | G_initial = -563.6 kJ/mol | | G_final = -619.5 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -619.5 kJ/mol - -563.6 kJ/mol = -55.9 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 NH_4NO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NH_3 | 1 | 1 NaNO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) NH_4NO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([NH4NO3])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] NH_3 | 1 | 1 | [NH3] NaNO_3 | 1 | 1 | [NaNO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-1) ([NH4NO3])^(-1) [H2O] [NH3] [NaNO3] = ([H2O] [NH3] [NaNO3])/([NaOH] [NH4NO3])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + NH_4NO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NH_3 + NaNO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 NH_4NO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NH_3 | 1 | 1 NaNO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) NH_4NO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NH4NO3])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NH_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NH3])/(Δt) NaNO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaNO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NH4NO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[NH3])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaNO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium hydroxide | ammonium nitrate | water | ammonia | sodium nitrate formula | NaOH | NH_4NO_3 | H_2O | NH_3 | NaNO_3 Hill formula | HNaO | H_4N_2O_3 | H_2O | H_3N | NNaO_3 name | sodium hydroxide | ammonium nitrate | water | ammonia | sodium nitrate

| sodium hydroxide | ammonium nitrate | water | ammonia | sodium nitrate molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 80.04 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 17.031 g/mol | 84.994 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 169 °C | 0 °C | -77.73 °C | 306 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 210 °C | 99.9839 °C | -33.33 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1.73 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 6.96×10^-4 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 2.26 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | | soluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | 0.0234 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.009×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.003 Pa s (at 250 °C) odor | | odorless | odorless | |