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ZnSO4 + LiOH = Zn(OH)2 + Li2SO4

Input interpretation

ZnSO_4 zinc sulfate + LiOH lithium hydroxide ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 zinc hydroxide + Li_2SO_4 lithium sulfate
ZnSO_4 zinc sulfate + LiOH lithium hydroxide ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 zinc hydroxide + Li_2SO_4 lithium sulfate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 ZnSO_4 + c_2 LiOH ⟶ c_3 Zn(OH)_2 + c_4 Li_2SO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, S, Zn, H and Li: O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Zn: | c_1 = c_3 H: | c_2 = 2 c_3 Li: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 ZnSO_4 + c_2 LiOH ⟶ c_3 Zn(OH)_2 + c_4 Li_2SO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, S, Zn, H and Li: O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Zn: | c_1 = c_3 H: | c_2 = 2 c_3 Li: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

zinc sulfate + lithium hydroxide ⟶ zinc hydroxide + lithium sulfate
zinc sulfate + lithium hydroxide ⟶ zinc hydroxide + lithium sulfate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 LiOH | 2 | -2 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([ZnSO4])^(-1) LiOH | 2 | -2 | ([LiOH])^(-2) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Zn(OH)2] Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Li2SO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([ZnSO4])^(-1) ([LiOH])^(-2) [Zn(OH)2] [Li2SO4] = ([Zn(OH)2] [Li2SO4])/([ZnSO4] ([LiOH])^2)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 LiOH | 2 | -2 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([ZnSO4])^(-1) LiOH | 2 | -2 | ([LiOH])^(-2) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Zn(OH)2] Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Li2SO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([ZnSO4])^(-1) ([LiOH])^(-2) [Zn(OH)2] [Li2SO4] = ([Zn(OH)2] [Li2SO4])/([ZnSO4] ([LiOH])^2)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 LiOH | 2 | -2 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[ZnSO4])/(Δt) LiOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[LiOH])/(Δt) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Li2SO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[ZnSO4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[LiOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Li2SO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: ZnSO_4 + LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: ZnSO_4 + 2 LiOH ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Li_2SO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 LiOH | 2 | -2 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term ZnSO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[ZnSO4])/(Δt) LiOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[LiOH])/(Δt) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) Li_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Li2SO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[ZnSO4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[LiOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Li2SO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate formula | ZnSO_4 | LiOH | Zn(OH)_2 | Li_2SO_4 Hill formula | O_4SZn | HLiO | H_2O_2Zn | Li_2O_4S name | zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate IUPAC name | zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc dihydroxide | dilithium sulfate
| zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate formula | ZnSO_4 | LiOH | Zn(OH)_2 | Li_2SO_4 Hill formula | O_4SZn | HLiO | H_2O_2Zn | Li_2O_4S name | zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate IUPAC name | zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc dihydroxide | dilithium sulfate

Substance properties

| zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate molar mass | 161.4 g/mol | 23.95 g/mol | 99.39 g/mol | 109.9 g/mol phase | | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) melting point | | 462 °C | | 845 °C boiling point | | | | 1377 °C density | 1.005 g/cm^3 | 1.46 g/cm^3 | | 2.22 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | odor | odorless | odorless | |
| zinc sulfate | lithium hydroxide | zinc hydroxide | lithium sulfate molar mass | 161.4 g/mol | 23.95 g/mol | 99.39 g/mol | 109.9 g/mol phase | | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) melting point | | 462 °C | | 845 °C boiling point | | | | 1377 °C density | 1.005 g/cm^3 | 1.46 g/cm^3 | | 2.22 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | odor | odorless | odorless | |

Units

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