sodium vs lithium vs rubidium vs cesium

sodium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element) | cesium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration sodium | Na | 11 | [Ne]3s^1 lithium | Li | 3 | [He]2s^1 rubidium | Rb | 37 | [Kr]5s^1 cesium | Cs | 55 | [Xe]6s^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group sodium | 3s | s | 1 lithium | 2s | s | 1 rubidium | 5s | s | 1 cesium | 6s | s | 1 | period | atomic mass | half-life sodium | 3 | 22.98976928 u | (stable) lithium | 2 | 6.94 u | (stable) rubidium | 5 | 85.4678 u | (stable) cesium | 6 | 132.90545196 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 68.52 °C | highest | 180.54 °C (lithium) | lowest | 28.44 °C (cesium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 785 °C | highest | 1342 °C (lithium) | lowest | 671 °C (cesium) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 2333 K | highest | 3223 K (lithium) | lowest | 1938 K (cesium) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 25 MPa | highest | 67 MPa (lithium) | lowest | 9.4 MPa (cesium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 2.39 kJ/mol | highest | 3 kJ/mol (lithium) | lowest | 2.09 kJ/mol (cesium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 85 kJ/mol | highest | 147 kJ/mol (lithium) | lowest | 65 kJ/mol (cesium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 797 J/(kg K) | highest | 3570 J/(kg K) (lithium) | lowest | 242 J/(kg K) (cesium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.25 g/cm^3 | highest | 1.879 g/cm^3 (cesium) | lowest | 0.535 g/cm^3 (lithium) liquid density | median | 1.19 g/cm^3 | highest | 1.843 g/cm^3 (cesium) | lowest | 0.512 g/cm^3 (lithium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 39.8 cm^3/mol | highest | 70.73 cm^3/mol (cesium) | lowest | 13 cm^3/mol (lithium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 0.4 | highest | 0.6 (between talc and gypsum) (lithium) | lowest | 0.2 (between talc and gypsum) (cesium) | distribution | Brinell hardness | all | 0.14 MPa | 0.216 MPa | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | median | 4.4 GPa | highest | 11 GPa (lithium) | lowest | 1.6 GPa (cesium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 3.7 GPa | highest | 10 GPa (sodium) | lowest | 1.7 GPa (cesium) | distribution | ultimate tensile strength | all | 10 MPa | 15 MPa sound speed | median | 3200 m/s | highest | 6000 m/s (lithium) | lowest | 1300 m/s (rubidium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 71 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (sodium) | lowest | 36 W/(m K) (cesium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (cesium) | lowest | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (sodium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 9.6×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (sodium) | lowest | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (cesium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.9×10^-6 | highest | 1.37×10^-5 (lithium) | lowest | 3.98×10^-6 (rubidium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (lithium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (rubidium) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 3.72×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (cesium) | lowest | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (lithium) | distribution | work function | all | 1.95 eV | 2.26 eV | 2.36 eV | 2.93 eV

valence | median | 1 | highest | 1 (4 elements) | lowest | 1 (4 elements) electronegativity | median | 0.88 | highest | 0.98 (lithium) | lowest | 0.82 (rubidium and cesium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 49.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lithium) | lowest | 45.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cesium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 449.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lithium) | lowest | 375.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cesium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | median | 207 pm | highest | 260 pm (cesium) | lowest | 145 pm (lithium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 193 pm | highest | 244 pm (cesium) | lowest | 128 pm (lithium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 8×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.002 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 8×10^-8 mass% (cesium) solar abundance | median | 1.9×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.004 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 6×10^-9 mass% (lithium) meteorite abundance | median | 2.4×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.55 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1.4×10^-5 mass% (cesium) crust abundance | median | 0.0039 mass% | highest | 2.3 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1.9×10^-4 mass% (cesium) ocean abundance | median | 1.5×10^-5 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 5×10^-8 mass% (cesium) human abundance | median | 2.3×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.14 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mass% (cesium) universe molar abundance | median | 5.5×10^-8 mol% | highest | 1×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-9 mol% (cesium) solar molar abundance | median | 2.4×10^-8 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (lithium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2.7×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.48 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mol% (cesium) ocean molar abundance | median | 8.4×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.3 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.3×10^-9 mol% (cesium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.0032 mol% | highest | 2.1 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.9×10^-5 mol% (cesium) human molar abundance | median | 1.8×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.038 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (cesium)