Input interpretation
![ammonium cation](../image_source/67cfe761b2412a53a9a7bc14b1fbd60c.png)
ammonium cation
Lewis structure
![Draw the Lewis structure of ammonium cation. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule: Count the total valence electrons of the hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) and nitrogen (n_N, val = 5) atoms, including the net charge: 4 n_H, val + n_N, val - n_charge = 8 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for hydrogen (n_H, full = 2) and nitrogen (n_N, full = 8): 4 n_H, full + n_N, full = 16 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 16 - 8 = 8 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 4 bonds and hence 8 bonding electrons in the diagram. Fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 8 - 8 = 0 electrons left to draw. Lastly, fill in the formal charges: Answer: | |](../image_source/2a789a340b5ccf4d65f2ecf0ad530b4b.png)
Draw the Lewis structure of ammonium cation. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule: Count the total valence electrons of the hydrogen (n_H, val = 1) and nitrogen (n_N, val = 5) atoms, including the net charge: 4 n_H, val + n_N, val - n_charge = 8 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for hydrogen (n_H, full = 2) and nitrogen (n_N, full = 8): 4 n_H, full + n_N, full = 16 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 16 - 8 = 8 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so the above diagram has all the necessary bonds. There are 4 bonds and hence 8 bonding electrons in the diagram. Fill in the remaining unbonded electrons on each atom. In total, there remain 8 - 8 = 0 electrons left to draw. Lastly, fill in the formal charges: Answer: | |
General properties
![formula | (NH_4)^+ net ionic charge | +1 alternate names | ammonium | ammonium(1+) | protonated ammonia](../image_source/f3906ccdfe6f6c17d49b2c0f294293bd.png)
formula | (NH_4)^+ net ionic charge | +1 alternate names | ammonium | ammonium(1+) | protonated ammonia
Ionic radius
![thermochemical radius | 137 pm](../image_source/339d7f739c4c20671f78bdac90932d3f.png)
thermochemical radius | 137 pm
Units
Other properties
![ion class | biomolecule ions | cations | onium ions | polyatomic ions common sources of ion | isethionic acid ammonium salt (1 eq) | erioglaucine diammonium salt (2 eq) | cupferron (1 eq) | ammonium vanadium(III) sulfate (1 eq) | ammonium trifluoroacetate (1 eq) | ammonium tetraphenylborate (1 eq) | ammonium tetrafluoroborate (1 eq) | ammonium chloropalladite (2 eq)](../image_source/0f4cf0b9fb4bf85f5798d2a5e5b29195.png)
ion class | biomolecule ions | cations | onium ions | polyatomic ions common sources of ion | isethionic acid ammonium salt (1 eq) | erioglaucine diammonium salt (2 eq) | cupferron (1 eq) | ammonium vanadium(III) sulfate (1 eq) | ammonium trifluoroacetate (1 eq) | ammonium tetraphenylborate (1 eq) | ammonium tetrafluoroborate (1 eq) | ammonium chloropalladite (2 eq)
Thermodynamic properties
![molar heat capacity c_p | aqueous | 79.9 J/(mol K) (joules per mole kelvin difference) molar free energy of formation Δ_fG° | aqueous | -79.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | aqueous | -132.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) molar entropy S° | aqueous | 113.4 J/(mol K) (joules per mole kelvin)](../image_source/bc68b9817e661d7f0c37c730c7abe336.png)
molar heat capacity c_p | aqueous | 79.9 J/(mol K) (joules per mole kelvin difference) molar free energy of formation Δ_fG° | aqueous | -79.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | aqueous | -132.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) molar entropy S° | aqueous | 113.4 J/(mol K) (joules per mole kelvin)