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ruthenium

Input interpretation

ruthenium (chemical element)
ruthenium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Ru atomic number | 44 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^7 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 8 period | 5 atomic mass | 101.07 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Ru atomic number | 44 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^7 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 8 period | 5 atomic mass | 101.07 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 2334 °C (rank: 9th) boiling point | 4150 °C (rank: 12th) molar heat of fusion | 25.7 kJ/mol (rank: 13th) molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol (rank: 9th) specific heat at STP | 238 J/(kg K) (rank: 48th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 2334 °C (rank: 9th) boiling point | 4150 °C (rank: 12th) molar heat of fusion | 25.7 kJ/mol (rank: 13th) molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol (rank: 9th) specific heat at STP | 238 J/(kg K) (rank: 48th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 12.37 g/cm^3 (rank: 19th) liquid density | 10.65 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.171 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 2300 MPa (rank: 7th) Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa (rank: 6th) bulk modulus | 220 GPa (rank: 8th) shear modulus | 173 GPa Young's modulus | 447 GPa (rank: 3rd) Poisson ratio | 0.3 (rank: 22nd) sound speed | 5970 m/s (rank: 6th) thermal expansion | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 51st) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 12.37 g/cm^3 (rank: 19th) liquid density | 10.65 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.171 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 2300 MPa (rank: 7th) Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa (rank: 6th) bulk modulus | 220 GPa (rank: 8th) shear modulus | 173 GPa Young's modulus | 447 GPa (rank: 3rd) Poisson ratio | 0.3 (rank: 22nd) sound speed | 5970 m/s (rank: 6th) thermal expansion | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 51st) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.49 K (kelvins) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.49 K (kelvins) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 6 electronegativity | 2.2 electron affinity | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol
valence | 6 electronegativity | 2.2 electron affinity | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^5F_5 atomic radius | 130 pm covalent radius | 146 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^5F_5 atomic radius | 130 pm covalent radius | 146 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral ruthenium atomic spectrum)
(neutral ruthenium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% (rank: 48th) solar abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% (rank: 43rd) meteorite abundance | 8.1×10^-5 mass% (rank: 42nd) crust abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mass% (rank: 78th) ocean abundance | 7×10^-11 mass% (rank: 66th) universe molar abundance | 5×10^-9 mol% (rank: 48th) solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% (rank: 43rd) meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-5 mol% (rank: 40th) ocean molar abundance | 4.3×10^-12 mol% (rank: 73rd) crust molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 78th)
universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% (rank: 48th) solar abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% (rank: 43rd) meteorite abundance | 8.1×10^-5 mass% (rank: 42nd) crust abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mass% (rank: 78th) ocean abundance | 7×10^-11 mass% (rank: 66th) universe molar abundance | 5×10^-9 mol% (rank: 48th) solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% (rank: 43rd) meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-5 mol% (rank: 40th) ocean molar abundance | 4.3×10^-12 mol% (rank: 73rd) crust molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% (rank: 78th)

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