copper, silver

copper (chemical element) | silver (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| copper | silver atomic symbol | Cu | Ag atomic number | 29 | 47 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^13d^10 | [Kr]5s^14d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 4d 5s block | d | d group | 11 | 11 period | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 63.546 u | 107.8682 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)

| copper | silver phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 1084.62 °C | 961.78 °C boiling point | 2562 °C | 2162 °C molar heat of fusion | 13.1 kJ/mol | 11.3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 300 kJ/mol | 255 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 384.4 J/(kg K) | 235 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| copper | silver density | 8.96 g/cm^3 | 10.49 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.02 g/cm^3 | 9.32 g/cm^3 molar volume | 7.092 cm^3/mol | 10.283 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3 (≈ calcite) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 369 MPa | 251 MPa Brinell hardness | 874 MPa | 24.5 MPa bulk modulus | 140 GPa | 100 GPa shear modulus | 48 GPa | 30 GPa Young's modulus | 130 GPa | 83 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.34 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | | 140 MPa sound speed | 3570 m/s | 2600 m/s thermal expansion | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 400 W/(m K) | 430 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| copper | silver electrical type | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -9.63×10^-6 | -2.38×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (4.48 to 5.1) eV | (4.52 to 4.74) eV threshold frequency | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.093×10^15 to 1.146×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (copper) | (silver)

| copper | silver valence | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 1.9 | 1.93 electron affinity | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol | 731 kJ/mol | 2070 kJ/mol | 3361 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| copper | silver term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm | 160 pm covalent radius | 132 pm | 145 pm van der Waals radius | 140 pm | 172 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| copper | silver universe abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.011 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 0.0068 mass% | 7.9×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | 3×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% human abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% | 7×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-7 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.0031 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-8 mol% | 5.7×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0022 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% |

| copper | silver half-life | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | Cu-63 (69.17%) | Cu-65 (30.83%) | Ag-107 (51.839%) | Ag-109 (48.161%) nuclear spin | Cu-52: 3^+ | Cu-53: 3/2^- | Cu-54: 3^+ | Cu-55: 3/2^- | Cu-56: 4^+ | Cu-57: 3/2^- | Cu-58: 1^+ | Cu-59: 3/2^- | Cu-60: 2^+ | Cu-61: 3/2^- | Cu-62: 1^+ | Cu-63: 3/2^- | Cu-64: 1^+ | Cu-65: 3/2^- | Cu-66: 1^+ | Cu-67: 3/2^- | Cu-68: 1^+ | Cu-69: 3/2^- | Cu-70: 6^- | Cu-71: 3/2^- | Cu-72: 1^+ | Cu-73: 3/2^- | Cu-75: 3/2^- | Cu-77: 3/2^- | Cu-79: 3/2^- | Ag-93: 9/2^+ | Ag-94: 0^+ | Ag-95: 9/2^+ | Ag-96: 8^+ | Ag-97: 9/2^+ | Ag-98: 6^+ | Ag-99: 9/2^+ | Ag-100: 5^+ | Ag-101: 9/2^+ | Ag-102: 5^+ | Ag-103: 7/2^+ | Ag-104: 5^+ | Ag-105: 1/2^- | Ag-106: 1^+ | Ag-107: 1/2^- | Ag-108: 1^+ | Ag-109: 1/2^- | Ag-110: 1^+ | Ag-111: 1/2^- | Ag-112: 2^- | Ag-113: 1/2^- | Ag-114: 1^+ | Ag-115: 1/2^- | Ag-116: 2^- | Ag-117: 1/2^- | Ag-118: 1^- | Ag-119: 1/2^- | Ag-120: 3^+ | Ag-121: 7/2^+ | Ag-122: 3^+ | Ag-123: 7/2^+ | Ag-124: 2^+ | Ag-125: 7/2^+ | Ag-126: 3^+ | Ag-127: 1/2^- | Ag-129: 9/2^+ | Ag-130: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Cu-67 (61.83 h) | Cu-64 (12.7 h) | Cu-61 (200 min) | Cu-60 (23.67 min) | Cu-62 (9.673 min) | Cu-66 (5.12 min) | Cu-69 (171 s) | Cu-59 (81.5 s) | Cu-70 (44.5 s) | Cu-68 (31.1 s) | Cu-71 (19.5 s) | Cu-72 (6.6 s) | Cu-73 (4.2 s) | Cu-58 (3.204 s) | Cu-74 (1.594 s) | Cu-75 (1.224 s) | Cu-76 (641 ms) | Cu-77 (469 ms) | Cu-78 (342 ms) | Cu-57 (196.3 ms) | Cu-79 (188 ms) | Cu-56 (93 ms) | Cu-55 (40 ms) | Cu-80 (300 ns) | Cu-53 (300 ns) | Cu-54 (75 ns) | Ag-105 (41.28 days) | Ag-111 (7.45 days) | Ag-113 (5.36 h) | Ag-112 (187.8 min) | Ag-104 (69.17 min) | Ag-103 (65.67 min) | Ag-106 (23.97 min) | Ag-115 (20 min) | Ag-102 (12.9 min) | Ag-101 (11.1 min) | Ag-116 (161 s) | Ag-108 (142 s) | Ag-99 (124 s) | Ag-100 (121 s) | Ag-117 (72.8 s) | Ag-98 (47.5 s) | Ag-97 (25.9 s) | Ag-110 (24.6 s) | Ag-119 (6 s) | Ag-114 (4.6 s) | Ag-96 (4.45 s) | Ag-118 (3.76 s) | Ag-95 (2 s) | Ag-120 (1.23 s) | Ag-121 (790 ms) | Ag-122 (529 ms) | Ag-123 (300 ms) | Ag-124 (172 ms) | Ag-125 (166 ms) | Ag-126 (107 ms) | Ag-127 (79 ms) | Ag-128 (58 ms) | Ag-130 (50 ms) | Ag-129 (46 ms) | Ag-94 (26 ms) | Ag-93 (1.5 µs) neutron cross-section | 3.78 b | 63.6 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0021 m^2/kg | 0.02 m^2/kg