arsenic vs germanium vs bismuth

arsenic (chemical element) | germanium (chemical element) | bismuth (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth atomic symbol | As | Ge | Bi atomic number | 33 | 32 | 83 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^3 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^3 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 4p 3d 4s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | p | p group | 15 | 14 | 15 period | 4 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 74.921595 u | 72.63 u | 208.9804 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | 1.9×10^19 yr

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 817 °C | 938.3 °C | 271.3 °C boiling point | 614 °C | 2820 °C | 1564 °C molar heat of fusion | 27.7 kJ/mol | 31.8 kJ/mol | 10.9 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 32.4 kJ/mol | 334 kJ/mol | 160 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 328 J/(kg K) | 321.4 J/(kg K) | 122 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth density | 5.727 g/cm^3 | 5.323 g/cm^3 | 9.78 g/cm^3 liquid density | 5.22 g/cm^3 | 5.6 g/cm^3 | 10.05 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.08 cm^3/mol | 13.64 cm^3/mol | 21.37 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3.5 (between calcite and fluorite) | 6 (≈ microcline) | 2.25 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 1510 MPa | 8010 MPa | Brinell hardness | 1440 MPa | 7270 MPa | 94.2 MPa bulk modulus | 22 GPa | (unknown) | 31 GPa shear modulus | | (unknown) | 12 GPa Young's modulus | 8 GPa | (unknown) | 32 GPa Poisson ratio | | (unknown) | 0.33 refractive index | 1.001552 | (unknown) | sound speed | | 5400 m/s | 1790 m/s thermal expansion | | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 50 W/(m K) | 60 W/(m K) | 8 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth electrical type | conductor | semiconductor | conductor resistivity | 3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.3×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 3.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 770000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.23×10^-5 | -7.98×10^-6 | -1.7×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.7×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.92×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.6×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.75 eV (Polycrystalline) | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.34 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 9.067×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.049×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (gray) | (gray) refractive index | 1.001552 | (unknown) |

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth valence | 5 | 4 | 5 electronegativity | 2.18 | 2.01 | 2.02 electron affinity | 78 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 119 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 91.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 947 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 703 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 947 kJ/mol | 1798 kJ/mol | 2735 kJ/mol | 4837 kJ/mol | 6043 kJ/mol | 12310 kJ/mol | 762 kJ/mol | 1537.5 kJ/mol | 3302.1 kJ/mol | 4411 kJ/mol | 9020 kJ/mol | 703 kJ/mol | 1610 kJ/mol | 2466 kJ/mol | 4370 kJ/mol | 5400 kJ/mol | 8520 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth term symbol | ^4S_(3/2) | ^3P_0 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 115 pm | 125 pm | 160 pm covalent radius | 119 pm | 120 pm | 148 pm van der Waals radius | 185 pm | (unknown) | (electronic ground state properties)

| arsenic | germanium | bismuth universe abundance | 8×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% | 7×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | | 2×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-4 mass% | 0.0021 mass% | 6.9×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 2.1×10^-4 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% | 2.5×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | 2.3×10^-7 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% | 2×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-7 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 4.6×10^-5 mol% | 4.9×10^-4 mol% | 5×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.9×10^-8 mol% | 5.1×10^-10 mol% | 5.9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 5.8×10^-5 mol% | 3.9×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-7 mol% human molar abundance | 4×10^-7 mol% | |