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NaHCO3 + C6H8O7 = H2O + CO2 + Na3C6H5O7

Input interpretation

NaHCO_3 sodium bicarbonate + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 citric acid ⟶ H_2O water + CO_2 carbon dioxide + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 citrosodine
NaHCO_3 sodium bicarbonate + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 citric acid ⟶ H_2O water + CO_2 carbon dioxide + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 citrosodine

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaHCO_3 + c_2 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, H, Na and O: C: | c_1 + 6 c_2 = c_4 + 6 c_5 H: | c_1 + 8 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 5 c_5 Na: | c_1 = 3 c_5 O: | 3 c_1 + 7 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 7 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaHCO_3 + c_2 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, H, Na and O: C: | c_1 + 6 c_2 = c_4 + 6 c_5 H: | c_1 + 8 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 5 c_5 Na: | c_1 = 3 c_5 O: | 3 c_1 + 7 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 7 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7

Structures

+ ⟶ + +
+ ⟶ + +

Names

sodium bicarbonate + citric acid ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + citrosodine
sodium bicarbonate + citric acid ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + citrosodine

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaHCO3])^(-3) HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 | [C6H5Na3O7] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaHCO3])^(-3) ([HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [C6H5Na3O7] = (([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [C6H5Na3O7])/(([NaHCO3])^3 [HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaHCO3])^(-3) HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 | [C6H5Na3O7] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaHCO3])^(-3) ([HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [C6H5Na3O7] = (([H2O])^3 ([CO2])^3 [C6H5Na3O7])/(([NaHCO3])^3 [HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[C6H5Na3O7])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[C6H5Na3O7])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 NaHCO_3 + HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 ⟶ 3 H_2O + 3 CO_2 + C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) C_6H_5Na_3O_7 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[C6H5Na3O7])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[C6H5Na3O7])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium bicarbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | citrosodine formula | NaHCO_3 | HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | H_2O | CO_2 | C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Hill formula | CHNaO_3 | C_6H_8O_7 | H_2O | CO_2 | C_6H_5Na_3O_7 name | sodium bicarbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | citrosodine IUPAC name | sodium hydrogen carbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate
| sodium bicarbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | citrosodine formula | NaHCO_3 | HOC(COOH)(CH_2COOH)_2 | H_2O | CO_2 | C_6H_5Na_3O_7 Hill formula | CHNaO_3 | C_6H_8O_7 | H_2O | CO_2 | C_6H_5Na_3O_7 name | sodium bicarbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | citrosodine IUPAC name | sodium hydrogen carbonate | citric acid | water | carbon dioxide | trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate

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