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magnesium vs calcium vs mercury

Input interpretation

magnesium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | mercury (chemical element)
magnesium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | mercury (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| magnesium | calcium | mercury atomic symbol | Mg | Ca | Hg atomic number | 12 | 20 | 80 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ar]4s^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 4s | 5d 4f 6s block | s | s | d group | 2 | 2 | 12 period | 3 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 40.078 u | 200.592 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| magnesium | calcium | mercury atomic symbol | Mg | Ca | Hg atomic number | 12 | 20 | 80 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ar]4s^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 4s | 5d 4f 6s block | s | s | d group | 2 | 2 | 12 period | 3 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 40.078 u | 200.592 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| magnesium | calcium | mercury phase at STP | solid | solid | liquid melting point | 650 °C | 842 °C | -38.83 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 1484 °C | 356.73 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | | 1750 K critical pressure | (unknown) | | 172 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 2.29 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 59.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) | 139.5 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | calcium | mercury phase at STP | solid | solid | liquid melting point | 650 °C | 842 °C | -38.83 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 1484 °C | 356.73 °C critical temperature | (unknown) | | 1750 K critical pressure | (unknown) | | 172 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 2.29 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 59.2 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) | 139.5 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| magnesium | calcium | mercury density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 14.821 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 17 GPa | 25 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 7.4 GPa | Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 20 GPa | Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.31 | refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.000933 sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3810 m/s | 1407 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.81×10^-4 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) | 8.3 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| magnesium | calcium | mercury density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 13.534 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 14.821 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 17 GPa | 25 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 7.4 GPa | Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 20 GPa | Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.31 | refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.000933 sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3810 m/s | 1407 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.81×10^-4 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) | 8.3 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| magnesium | calcium | mercury electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 2.139×10^-5 | -2.84×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.47 eV (Liquid) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.082×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | | 4.154 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver) refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.000933
| magnesium | calcium | mercury electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 2.139×10^-5 | -2.84×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.47 eV (Liquid) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.082×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | | 4.154 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver) refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.000933

Reactivity

| magnesium | calcium | mercury valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1 | 2 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1007.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 1007.1 kJ/mol | 1810 kJ/mol | 3300 kJ/mol
| magnesium | calcium | mercury valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1 | 2 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1007.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 1007.1 kJ/mol | 1810 kJ/mol | 3300 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| magnesium | calcium | mercury term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 150 pm | 180 pm | 150 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 176 pm | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | 155 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| magnesium | calcium | mercury term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 150 pm | 180 pm | 150 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 176 pm | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | 155 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| magnesium | calcium | mercury universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 2.5×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 5 mass% | 6.7×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 1.4 mass% | universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 6×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1.2×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.52 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.5×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 2.6 mol% | 7×10^-7 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.22 mol% |
| magnesium | calcium | mercury universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 2.5×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 5 mass% | 6.7×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 1.4 mass% | universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 6×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1.2×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.52 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.5×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 2.6 mol% | 7×10^-7 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.22 mol% |

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