Input interpretation
![NaOH sodium hydroxide + CuBr_2 cupric bromide ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide + NaBr sodium bromide](../image_source/337b74b96f8e451176fcd61f5fbb3b26.png)
NaOH sodium hydroxide + CuBr_2 cupric bromide ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide + NaBr sodium bromide
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 CuBr_2 ⟶ c_3 Cu(OH)_2 + c_4 NaBr Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Br and Cu: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Br: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cu: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr](../image_source/d64fed22298775826c8e3167b5a8c7cc.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 CuBr_2 ⟶ c_3 Cu(OH)_2 + c_4 NaBr Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Br and Cu: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Br: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cu: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr
Structures
![+ ⟶ +](../image_source/63ec64eb569b588eff1af13fbc73076b.png)
+ ⟶ +
Names
![sodium hydroxide + cupric bromide ⟶ copper hydroxide + sodium bromide](../image_source/95e1f158dff54ae21adc2712d760da35.png)
sodium hydroxide + cupric bromide ⟶ copper hydroxide + sodium bromide
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 NaBr | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CuBr2])^(-1) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cu(OH)2] NaBr | 2 | 2 | ([NaBr])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-2) ([CuBr2])^(-1) [Cu(OH)2] ([NaBr])^2 = ([Cu(OH)2] ([NaBr])^2)/(([NaOH])^2 [CuBr2])](../image_source/c6fb0330255ef8aa71ded5f01013a905.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 NaBr | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 | ([CuBr2])^(-1) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cu(OH)2] NaBr | 2 | 2 | ([NaBr])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-2) ([CuBr2])^(-1) [Cu(OH)2] ([NaBr])^2 = ([Cu(OH)2] ([NaBr])^2)/(([NaOH])^2 [CuBr2])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 NaBr | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CuBr2])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) NaBr | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaBr])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CuBr2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaBr])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/ea535c45dfdb0fba24e7bb2059c13536.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + NaBr Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + CuBr_2 ⟶ Cu(OH)_2 + 2 NaBr Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 NaBr | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CuBr_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CuBr2])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) NaBr | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaBr])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CuBr2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaBr])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide formula | NaOH | CuBr_2 | Cu(OH)_2 | NaBr Hill formula | HNaO | Br_2Cu | CuH_2O_2 | BrNa name | sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | dibromocopper | copper dihydroxide | sodium bromide](../image_source/db6846e9265a9b072c1a59d170d72b7c.png)
| sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide formula | NaOH | CuBr_2 | Cu(OH)_2 | NaBr Hill formula | HNaO | Br_2Cu | CuH_2O_2 | BrNa name | sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | dibromocopper | copper dihydroxide | sodium bromide
Substance properties
![| sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 223.35 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 102.89 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 498 °C | | 755 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 900 °C | | 1396 °C density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 4.77 g/cm^3 | | 3.2 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | very soluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | |](../image_source/ec9829f1578d79e1ca4a9b9958fa5cfd.png)
| sodium hydroxide | cupric bromide | copper hydroxide | sodium bromide molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 223.35 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 102.89 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 498 °C | | 755 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 900 °C | | 1396 °C density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 4.77 g/cm^3 | | 3.2 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | very soluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | |
Units