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chlorine vs sulfur vs phosphorus

Input interpretation

chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element)
chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus atomic symbol | Cl | S | P atomic number | 17 | 16 | 15 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 16 | 15 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 30.973761998 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus atomic symbol | Cl | S | P atomic number | 17 | 16 | 15 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 16 | 15 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 30.973761998 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 44.2 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 280.5 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 44.2 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 280.5 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 11 GPa refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | 1.001212 sound speed | 206 m/s | | thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 11 GPa refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | 1.001212 sound speed | 206 m/s | | thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | -2.06×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (colorless) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | 1.001212
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | -2.06×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (colorless) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | 1.001212

Reactivity

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus valence | 5 | 6 | 5 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 2.19 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus valence | 5 | 6 | 5 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 2.19 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 107 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 107 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.11 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 0.099 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 1.1 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.07 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.07 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0.22 mol%
| chlorine | sulfur | phosphorus universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.11 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 0.099 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 1.1 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.07 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.07 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0.22 mol%

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