H2SO4 + CaOCl2 = H2O + Cl2 + CaSO4

Input interpretation

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H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O water + Cl_2 chlorine + CaSO_4 calcium sulfate

Balanced equation

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Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 CaOCl2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Cl_2 + c_5 CaSO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Ca and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_5 S: | c_1 = c_5 Ca: | c_2 = c_5 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4

+ CaOCl2 ⟶ + +

Names

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sulfuric acid + CaOCl2 ⟶ water + chlorine + calcium sulfate

Equilibrium constant

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Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 CaOCl2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 CaSO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) CaOCl2 | 1 | -1 | ([CaOCl2])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cl2] CaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | [CaSO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([CaOCl2])^(-1) [H2O] [Cl2] [CaSO4] = ([H2O] [Cl2] [CaSO4])/([H2SO4] [CaOCl2])

Rate of reaction

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Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + CaOCl2 ⟶ H_2O + Cl_2 + CaSO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 CaOCl2 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 CaSO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) CaOCl2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CaOCl2])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) CaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaSO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CaOCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaSO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)