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properties of carbon

Input interpretation

carbon (chemical element)
carbon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | C atomic number | 6 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s block | p group | 14 period | 2 atomic mass | 12.011 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | C atomic number | 6 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s block | p group | 14 period | 2 atomic mass | 12.011 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid | melting point | [5, 6]-fullerene-C70 | 280 °C | buckminsterfullerene | 280 °C | activated charcoal | 3550 °C | graphite | 3675 °C boiling point | activated charcoal | 4027 °C molar heat of fusion | graphite | 117.4 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol (rank: 3rd) | specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) (rank: 16th) | (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid | melting point | [5, 6]-fullerene-C70 | 280 °C | buckminsterfullerene | 280 °C | activated charcoal | 3550 °C | graphite | 3675 °C boiling point | activated charcoal | 4027 °C molar heat of fusion | graphite | 117.4 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol (rank: 3rd) | specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) (rank: 16th) | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | buckminsterfullerene | 1.65 g/cm^3 | activated charcoal | 2.26 g/cm^3 | diamond | 3.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | bulk modulus | 33 GPa (rank: 46th) | refractive index | 2.417 | sound speed | 18350 m/s (rank: 1st) | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 49th) | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) (rank: 12th) | (properties at standard conditions)
density | buckminsterfullerene | 1.65 g/cm^3 | activated charcoal | 2.26 g/cm^3 | diamond | 3.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | bulk modulus | 33 GPa (rank: 46th) | refractive index | 2.417 | sound speed | 18350 m/s (rank: 1st) | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 49th) | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) (rank: 12th) | (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor | resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | magnetic type | diamagnetic | volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | color | (black) | refractive index | activated charcoal | 2.417
electrical type | conductor | resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | magnetic type | diamagnetic | volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | color | (black) | refractive index | activated charcoal | 2.417

Reactivity

valence | 4 electronegativity | 2.55 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol
valence | 4 electronegativity | 2.55 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 70 pm covalent radius | 76 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 70 pm covalent radius | 76 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral carbon atomic spectrum)
(neutral carbon atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 0.5 mass% (rank: 4th) solar abundance | 0.3 mass% (rank: 4th) meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% (rank: 7th) crust abundance | 0.18 mass% (rank: 10th) ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% (rank: 9th) human abundance | 23 mass% (rank: 2nd) universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% (rank: 4th) solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% (rank: 4th) meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% (rank: 7th) ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% (rank: 8th) crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% (rank: 10th) human molar abundance | 12 mol% (rank: 3rd)
universe abundance | 0.5 mass% (rank: 4th) solar abundance | 0.3 mass% (rank: 4th) meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% (rank: 7th) crust abundance | 0.18 mass% (rank: 10th) ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% (rank: 9th) human abundance | 23 mass% (rank: 2nd) universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% (rank: 4th) solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% (rank: 4th) meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% (rank: 7th) ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% (rank: 8th) crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% (rank: 10th) human molar abundance | 12 mol% (rank: 3rd)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | C-12 (98.89%) | C-13 (1.11%) nuclear spin | C-8: 0^+ | C-9: 3/2^- | C-10: 0^+ | C-11: 3/2^- | C-12: 0^+ | C-13: 1/2^- | C-14: 0^+ | C-15: 1/2^+ | C-16: 0^+ | C-17: 3/2^+ | C-18: 0^+ | C-19: 1/2^+ | C-20: 0^+ | C-21: 1/2^+ | C-22: 0^+ unstable isotopes | C-14 (5700 yr) | C-11 (20.334 min) | C-10 (19.29 s) | C-15 (2.449 s) | C-16 (747 ms) | C-17 (193 ms) | C-9 (126.5 ms) | C-18 (92 ms) | C-19 (49 ms) | C-20 (14 ms) | C-22 (6.2 ms) | C-21 (30 ns) | C-8 (2 zs) neutron cross-section | 0.0035 b neutron mass absorption | 1.5×10^-5 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | C-12 (98.89%) | C-13 (1.11%) nuclear spin | C-8: 0^+ | C-9: 3/2^- | C-10: 0^+ | C-11: 3/2^- | C-12: 0^+ | C-13: 1/2^- | C-14: 0^+ | C-15: 1/2^+ | C-16: 0^+ | C-17: 3/2^+ | C-18: 0^+ | C-19: 1/2^+ | C-20: 0^+ | C-21: 1/2^+ | C-22: 0^+ unstable isotopes | C-14 (5700 yr) | C-11 (20.334 min) | C-10 (19.29 s) | C-15 (2.449 s) | C-16 (747 ms) | C-17 (193 ms) | C-9 (126.5 ms) | C-18 (92 ms) | C-19 (49 ms) | C-20 (14 ms) | C-22 (6.2 ms) | C-21 (30 ns) | C-8 (2 zs) neutron cross-section | 0.0035 b neutron mass absorption | 1.5×10^-5 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-44-0
CAS number | 7440-44-0

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