chalcogens

chalcogens

oxygen | sulfur | selenium | tellurium | polonium | livermorium (total: 6)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration oxygen | O | 8 | [He]2s^22p^4 sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 selenium | Se | 34 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^4 tellurium | Te | 52 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^4 polonium | Po | 84 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 livermorium | Lv | 116 | [Rn]7s^25f^146d^107p^4 | Aufbau diagram | block | group oxygen | 2p 2s | p | 16 sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 selenium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 16 tellurium | 5p 4d 5s | p | 16 polonium | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 16 livermorium | 7p 6d 5f 7s | p | 16 | period | atomic mass | half-life oxygen | 2 | 15.999 u | (stable) sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable) selenium | 4 | 78.971 u | (stable) tellurium | 5 | 127.6 u | (stable) polonium | 6 | 209 u | 102 yr livermorium | 7 | 293 u | 120 ms

phase at STP | all | gas | solid melting point | median | 221 °C | highest | 449.51 °C (tellurium) | lowest | -218.3 °C (oxygen) | distribution | boiling point | median | 685 °C | highest | 988 °C (tellurium) | lowest | -182.9 °C (oxygen) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 1314 K | highest | 1766 K (selenium) | lowest | 154.59 K (oxygen) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 20.7 MPa | highest | 27.2 MPa (selenium) | lowest | 5.043 MPa (oxygen) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 5.4 kJ/mol | highest | 17.5 kJ/mol (tellurium) | lowest | 0.222 kJ/mol (oxygen) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 26 kJ/mol | highest | 100 kJ/mol (polonium) | lowest | 3.41 kJ/mol (oxygen) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 513 J/(kg K) | highest | 919 J/(kg K) (oxygen) | lowest | 201 J/(kg K) (tellurium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 4.819 g/cm^3 | highest | 9.196 g/cm^3 (polonium) | lowest | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (oxygen) | distribution | liquid density | median | 3.99 g/cm^3 | highest | 5.7 g/cm^3 (tellurium) | lowest | 1.819 g/cm^3 (sulfur) | distribution | molar volume | median | 20.45 cm^3/mol | highest | 11200 cm^3/mol (oxygen) | lowest | 16.36 cm^3/mol (sulfur) Mohs hardness | median | 2 | highest | 2.25 (between gypsum and calcite) (tellurium) | lowest | 2 (≈ gypsum) (sulfur and selenium) Brinell hardness | all | 180 MPa | 736 MPa bulk modulus | median | 8.3 GPa | highest | 65 GPa (tellurium) | lowest | 7.7 GPa (sulfur) Poisson ratio | all | 0.33 ultimate tensile strength | all | 11 MPa refractive index | median | 1.000943 | highest | 1.001111 (sulfur) | lowest | 1.000271 (oxygen) sound speed | median | 2610 m/s | highest | 3350 m/s (selenium) | lowest | 317.5 m/s (oxygen) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 0.36 W/(m K) | highest | 3 W/(m K) (tellurium) | lowest | 0.02658 W/(m K) (oxygen) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (polonium) electrical conductivity | median | 10000 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (polonium) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.58×10^-5 | highest | 1.90772×10^-6 (oxygen) | lowest | -2.43×10^-5 (tellurium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -3.95×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.335×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (oxygen) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (sulfur) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -2.57×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 4.27184×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | -4.98×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (tellurium) work function | all | 4.95 eV | 5.9 eV

valence | median | 6 | highest | 6 (4 elements) | lowest | 2 (oxygen) electronegativity | median | 2.55 | highest | 3.44 (oxygen) | lowest | 2 (polonium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 190.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 141 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (oxygen) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 941 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1313.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (polonium)

term symbol | all | ^3P_2 atomic radius | median | 115 pm | highest | 190 pm (polonium) | lowest | 60 pm (oxygen) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 120 pm | highest | 140 pm (polonium) | lowest | 66 pm (oxygen) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 185 pm | highest | 206 pm (tellurium) | lowest | 152 pm (oxygen) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.025 mass% | highest | 1 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 9×10^-7 mass% (tellurium) solar abundance | median | 0.04 mass% | highest | 0.9 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (livermorium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.0013 mass% | highest | 40 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (livermorium) crust abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 46 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (livermorium) ocean abundance | median | 4.5×10^-8 mass% | highest | 86 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (livermorium) human abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 61 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (polonium and livermorium) universe molar abundance | median | 0.001 mol% | highest | 0.08 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 9×10^-9 mol% (tellurium) solar molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.07 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (livermorium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | highest | 48 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (livermorium) ocean molar abundance | median | 6×10^-6 mol% | highest | 33 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (livermorium) crust molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-7 mol% | highest | 60 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (livermorium) human molar abundance | median | 4×10^-7 mol% | highest | 24 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (polonium and livermorium)