NaCl = Cl2 + Na

NaCl (sodium chloride) ⟶ Cl_2 (chlorine) + Na (sodium)

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + Na Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaCl ⟶ c_2 Cl_2 + c_3 Na Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl and Na: Cl: | c_1 = 2 c_2 Na: | c_1 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + 2 Na

⟶ +

sodium chloride ⟶ chlorine + sodium

| sodium chloride | chlorine | sodium molecular enthalpy | -411.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -822.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | H_initial = -822.4 kJ/mol | H_final = 0 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | 0 kJ/mol - -822.4 kJ/mol = 822.4 kJ/mol (endothermic) | |

| sodium chloride | chlorine | sodium molecular entropy | 72 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 51 J/(mol K) total entropy | 144 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 102 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 144 J/(mol K) | S_final = 325 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 325 J/(mol K) - 144 J/(mol K) = 181 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + Na Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + 2 Na Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 Na | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaCl | 2 | -2 | ([NaCl])^(-2) Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cl2] Na | 2 | 2 | ([Na])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaCl])^(-2) [Cl2] ([Na])^2 = ([Cl2] ([Na])^2)/([NaCl])^2

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + Na Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl ⟶ Cl_2 + 2 Na Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cl_2 | 1 | 1 Na | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaCl | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Cl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) Na | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium chloride | chlorine | sodium formula | NaCl | Cl_2 | Na Hill formula | ClNa | Cl_2 | Na name | sodium chloride | chlorine | sodium IUPAC name | sodium chloride | molecular chlorine | sodium

| sodium chloride | chlorine | sodium molar mass | 58.44 g/mol | 70.9 g/mol | 22.98976928 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 801 °C | -101 °C | 97.8 °C boiling point | 1413 °C | -34 °C | 883 °C density | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.968 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | decomposes dynamic viscosity | | | 1.413×10^-5 Pa s (at 527 °C) odor | odorless | |