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H2O + NaOH + CrCl3 + NaBiO3 = NaCl + Na2CrO4 + Bi(OH)3

Input interpretation

H_2O water + NaOH sodium hydroxide + CrCl_3 chromic chloride + NaBiO_3 sodium bismuthate ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + Na_2CrO_4 sodium chromate + Bi(OH)3
H_2O water + NaOH sodium hydroxide + CrCl_3 chromic chloride + NaBiO_3 sodium bismuthate ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + Na_2CrO_4 sodium chromate + Bi(OH)3

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaOH + c_3 CrCl_3 + c_4 NaBiO_3 ⟶ c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_2CrO_4 + c_7 Bi(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, Cl, Cr and Bi: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 3 c_7 O: | c_1 + c_2 + 3 c_4 = 4 c_6 + 3 c_7 Na: | c_2 + c_4 = c_5 + 2 c_6 Cl: | 3 c_3 = c_5 Cr: | c_3 = c_6 Bi: | c_4 = c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 7 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 6 c_6 = 2 c_7 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaOH + c_3 CrCl_3 + c_4 NaBiO_3 ⟶ c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_2CrO_4 + c_7 Bi(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, Cl, Cr and Bi: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 3 c_7 O: | c_1 + c_2 + 3 c_4 = 4 c_6 + 3 c_7 Na: | c_2 + c_4 = c_5 + 2 c_6 Cl: | 3 c_3 = c_5 Cr: | c_3 = c_6 Bi: | c_4 = c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 7 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 6 c_6 = 2 c_7 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3

Structures

+ + + ⟶ + + Bi(OH)3
+ + + ⟶ + + Bi(OH)3

Names

water + sodium hydroxide + chromic chloride + sodium bismuthate ⟶ sodium chloride + sodium chromate + Bi(OH)3
water + sodium hydroxide + chromic chloride + sodium bismuthate ⟶ sodium chloride + sodium chromate + Bi(OH)3

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaOH | 7 | -7 CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 NaCl | 6 | 6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) NaOH | 7 | -7 | ([NaOH])^(-7) CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 | ([CrCl3])^(-2) NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaBiO3])^(-3) NaCl | 6 | 6 | ([NaCl])^6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 | ([Na2CrO4])^2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 | ([Bi(OH)3])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-7) ([CrCl3])^(-2) ([NaBiO3])^(-3) ([NaCl])^6 ([Na2CrO4])^2 ([Bi(OH)3])^3 = (([NaCl])^6 ([Na2CrO4])^2 ([Bi(OH)3])^3)/([H2O] ([NaOH])^7 ([CrCl3])^2 ([NaBiO3])^3)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaOH | 7 | -7 CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 NaCl | 6 | 6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) NaOH | 7 | -7 | ([NaOH])^(-7) CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 | ([CrCl3])^(-2) NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaBiO3])^(-3) NaCl | 6 | 6 | ([NaCl])^6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 | ([Na2CrO4])^2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 | ([Bi(OH)3])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-7) ([CrCl3])^(-2) ([NaBiO3])^(-3) ([NaCl])^6 ([Na2CrO4])^2 ([Bi(OH)3])^3 = (([NaCl])^6 ([Na2CrO4])^2 ([Bi(OH)3])^3)/([H2O] ([NaOH])^7 ([CrCl3])^2 ([NaBiO3])^3)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaOH | 7 | -7 CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 NaCl | 6 | 6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaOH | 7 | -7 | -1/7 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[CrCl3])/(Δt) NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaBiO3])/(Δt) NaCl | 6 | 6 | 1/6 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Na2CrO4])/(Δt) Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Bi(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/7 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[CrCl3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[NaBiO3])/(Δt) = 1/6 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Na2CrO4])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Bi(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + NaOH + CrCl_3 + NaBiO_3 ⟶ NaCl + Na_2CrO_4 + Bi(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + 7 NaOH + 2 CrCl_3 + 3 NaBiO_3 ⟶ 6 NaCl + 2 Na_2CrO_4 + 3 Bi(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaOH | 7 | -7 CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 NaCl | 6 | 6 Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaOH | 7 | -7 | -1/7 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CrCl_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[CrCl3])/(Δt) NaBiO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaBiO3])/(Δt) NaCl | 6 | 6 | 1/6 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_2CrO_4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Na2CrO4])/(Δt) Bi(OH)3 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Bi(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/7 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[CrCl3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[NaBiO3])/(Δt) = 1/6 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Na2CrO4])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Bi(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | Bi(OH)3 formula | H_2O | NaOH | CrCl_3 | NaBiO_3 | NaCl | Na_2CrO_4 | Bi(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | HNaO | Cl_3Cr | BiNaO_3 | ClNa | CrNa_2O_4 | H3BiO3 name | water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | IUPAC name | water | sodium hydroxide | trichlorochromium | sodium oxido-dioxobismuth | sodium chloride | disodium dioxido(dioxo)chromium |
| water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | Bi(OH)3 formula | H_2O | NaOH | CrCl_3 | NaBiO_3 | NaCl | Na_2CrO_4 | Bi(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | HNaO | Cl_3Cr | BiNaO_3 | ClNa | CrNa_2O_4 | H3BiO3 name | water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | IUPAC name | water | sodium hydroxide | trichlorochromium | sodium oxido-dioxobismuth | sodium chloride | disodium dioxido(dioxo)chromium |

Substance properties

| water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | Bi(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 158.3 g/mol | 279.967 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 161.97 g/mol | 260.001 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 323 °C | 1152 °C | | 801 °C | 780 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 1390 °C | | | 1413 °C | | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.87 g/cm^3 | | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 2.698 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | soluble | slightly soluble | insoluble | soluble | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | | | | odor | odorless | | | | odorless | |
| water | sodium hydroxide | chromic chloride | sodium bismuthate | sodium chloride | sodium chromate | Bi(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 158.3 g/mol | 279.967 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 161.97 g/mol | 260.001 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 323 °C | 1152 °C | | 801 °C | 780 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 1390 °C | | | 1413 °C | | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.87 g/cm^3 | | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 2.698 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | soluble | slightly soluble | insoluble | soluble | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | | | | odor | odorless | | | | odorless | |

Units

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