H2SO4 + H2 = H2O + S

H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + H_2 hydrogen ⟶ H_2O water + S mixed sulfur

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + H_2 ⟶ H_2O + S Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 H_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 S Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and S: H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 = c_3 S: | c_1 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + 3 H_2 ⟶ 4 H_2O + S

+ ⟶ +

sulfuric acid + hydrogen ⟶ water + mixed sulfur

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + H_2 ⟶ H_2O + S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 3 H_2 ⟶ 4 H_2O + S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 3 | -3 H_2O | 4 | 4 S | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) H_2 | 3 | -3 | ([H2])^(-3) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 S | 1 | 1 | [S] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([H2])^(-3) ([H2O])^4 [S] = (([H2O])^4 [S])/([H2SO4] ([H2])^3)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + H_2 ⟶ H_2O + S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 3 H_2 ⟶ 4 H_2O + S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 3 | -3 H_2O | 4 | 4 S | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) H_2 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) S | 1 | 1 | (Δ[S])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[S])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sulfuric acid | hydrogen | water | mixed sulfur formula | H_2SO_4 | H_2 | H_2O | S Hill formula | H_2O_4S | H_2 | H_2O | S name | sulfuric acid | hydrogen | water | mixed sulfur IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | molecular hydrogen | water | sulfur

| sulfuric acid | hydrogen | water | mixed sulfur molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | -259.2 °C | 0 °C | 112.8 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | -252.8 °C | 99.9839 °C | 444.7 °C density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless |