chromium vs scandium vs zinc

chromium (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| chromium | scandium | zinc atomic symbol | Cr | Sc | Zn atomic number | 24 | 21 | 30 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^13d^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 3d 4s | 3d 4s block | d | d | d group | 6 | 3 | 12 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 51.9961 u | 44.955908 u | 65.38 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| chromium | scandium | zinc phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1907 °C | 1541 °C | 419.53 °C boiling point | 2671 °C | 2830 °C | 907 °C molar heat of fusion | 20.5 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol | 7.35 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 339 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 448 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) | 388 J/(kg K) Néel point | 393 K | | (properties at standard conditions)

| chromium | scandium | zinc density | 7.19 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 7.14 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.3 g/cm^3 | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 6.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 7.232 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 9.16 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 8.5 (between topaz and corundum) | | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 1060 MPa | | Brinell hardness | 1120 MPa | 750 MPa | 412 MPa bulk modulus | 160 GPa | 57 GPa | 70 GPa shear modulus | 115 GPa | 29 GPa | 43 GPa Young's modulus | 279 GPa | 74 GPa | 108 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.25 tensile yield strength | | 173 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | | 255 MPa | 37 MPa refractive index | | | 1.00205 sound speed | 5940 m/s | | 3700 m/s thermal expansion | 4.9×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 94 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| chromium | scandium | zinc electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 7.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | antiferromagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 3.177×10^-4 | 2.627×10^-4 | -1.58×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.45×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.314×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Néel point | 393 K (kelvins) | | work function | 4.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | (3.63 to 4.9) eV threshold frequency | 1.088×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.05 K (kelvins) | 0.85 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (slate gray) refractive index | | | 1.00205

| chromium | scandium | zinc valence | 6 | 3 | 2 electronegativity | 1.66 | 1.36 | 1.65 electron affinity | 64.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 652.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 652.9 kJ/mol | 1590.6 kJ/mol | 2987 kJ/mol | 4743 kJ/mol | 6702 kJ/mol | 8744.9 kJ/mol | 15455 kJ/mol | 17820 kJ/mol | 20190 kJ/mol | 23580 kJ/mol | 26130 kJ/mol | 28750 kJ/mol | 34230 kJ/mol | 37066 kJ/mol | 97510 kJ/mol | 105800 kJ/mol | 114300 kJ/mol | 125300 kJ/mol | 134700 kJ/mol | 144300 kJ/mol | 157700 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| chromium | scandium | zinc term symbol | ^7S_3 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 140 pm | 160 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 170 pm | 122 pm van der Waals radius | | | 139 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| chromium | scandium | zinc universe abundance | 0.0015 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% solar abundance | 0.002 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.3 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 0.018 mass% crust abundance | 0.014 mass% | 0.0026 mass% | 0.0078 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 3×10^-6 mass% | | 0.0033 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% | 6×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 4×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.12 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.0044 mol% ocean molar abundance | 7.1×10^-9 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 4.7×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0055 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 0.0025 mol% human molar abundance | 4×10^-7 mol% | | 3.2×10^-4 mol%