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H2O + K2Cr2O7 + Na2SO3 = KOH + Na2SO4 + Cr(OH)3

Input interpretation

H_2O water + K_2Cr_2O_7 potassium dichromate + Na_2SO_3 sodium sulfite ⟶ KOH potassium hydroxide + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Cr(OH)3
H_2O water + K_2Cr_2O_7 potassium dichromate + Na_2SO_3 sodium sulfite ⟶ KOH potassium hydroxide + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Cr(OH)3

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 K_2Cr_2O_7 + c_3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ c_4 KOH + c_5 Na_2SO_4 + c_6 Cr(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Cr, K, Na and S: H: | 2 c_1 = c_4 + 3 c_6 O: | c_1 + 7 c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 3 c_6 Cr: | 2 c_2 = c_6 K: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_3 = 2 c_5 S: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 3 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 K_2Cr_2O_7 + c_3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ c_4 KOH + c_5 Na_2SO_4 + c_6 Cr(OH)3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Cr, K, Na and S: H: | 2 c_1 = c_4 + 3 c_6 O: | c_1 + 7 c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 3 c_6 Cr: | 2 c_2 = c_6 K: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_3 = 2 c_5 S: | c_3 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 3 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + Cr(OH)3
+ + ⟶ + + Cr(OH)3

Names

water + potassium dichromate + sodium sulfite ⟶ potassium hydroxide + sodium sulfate + Cr(OH)3
water + potassium dichromate + sodium sulfite ⟶ potassium hydroxide + sodium sulfate + Cr(OH)3

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 4 | -4 | ([H2O])^(-4) K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | ([K2Cr2O7])^(-1) Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([Na2SO3])^(-3) KOH | 2 | 2 | ([KOH])^2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | ([Na2SO4])^3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | ([Cr(OH)3])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-4) ([K2Cr2O7])^(-1) ([Na2SO3])^(-3) ([KOH])^2 ([Na2SO4])^3 ([Cr(OH)3])^2 = (([KOH])^2 ([Na2SO4])^3 ([Cr(OH)3])^2)/(([H2O])^4 [K2Cr2O7] ([Na2SO3])^3)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 4 | -4 | ([H2O])^(-4) K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | ([K2Cr2O7])^(-1) Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([Na2SO3])^(-3) KOH | 2 | 2 | ([KOH])^2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | ([Na2SO4])^3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | ([Cr(OH)3])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-4) ([K2Cr2O7])^(-1) ([Na2SO3])^(-3) ([KOH])^2 ([Na2SO4])^3 ([Cr(OH)3])^2 = (([KOH])^2 ([Na2SO4])^3 ([Cr(OH)3])^2)/(([H2O])^4 [K2Cr2O7] ([Na2SO3])^3)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[K2Cr2O7])/(Δt) Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) KOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[K2Cr2O7])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + Na_2SO_3 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + Cr(OH)3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2O + K_2Cr_2O_7 + 3 Na_2SO_3 ⟶ 2 KOH + 3 Na_2SO_4 + 2 Cr(OH)3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 4 | -4 K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2Cr_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[K2Cr2O7])/(Δt) Na_2SO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) KOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Cr(OH)3 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[K2Cr2O7])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | Cr(OH)3 formula | H_2O | K_2Cr_2O_7 | Na_2SO_3 | KOH | Na_2SO_4 | Cr(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | Cr_2K_2O_7 | Na_2O_3S | HKO | Na_2O_4S | H3CrO3 name | water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | IUPAC name | water | dipotassium oxido-(oxido-dioxochromio)oxy-dioxochromium | disodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | disodium sulfate |
| water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | Cr(OH)3 formula | H_2O | K_2Cr_2O_7 | Na_2SO_3 | KOH | Na_2SO_4 | Cr(OH)3 Hill formula | H_2O | Cr_2K_2O_7 | Na_2O_3S | HKO | Na_2O_4S | H3CrO3 name | water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | IUPAC name | water | dipotassium oxido-(oxido-dioxochromio)oxy-dioxochromium | disodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | disodium sulfate |

Substance properties

| water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | Cr(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 294.18 g/mol | 126.04 g/mol | 56.105 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 103.02 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 398 °C | 500 °C | 406 °C | 884 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1327 °C | 1429 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.67 g/cm^3 | 2.63 g/cm^3 | 2.044 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | odor | odorless | odorless | | | |
| water | potassium dichromate | sodium sulfite | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | Cr(OH)3 molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 294.18 g/mol | 126.04 g/mol | 56.105 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 103.02 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 398 °C | 500 °C | 406 °C | 884 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | | 1327 °C | 1429 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.67 g/cm^3 | 2.63 g/cm^3 | 2.044 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | | | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | odor | odorless | odorless | | | |

Units

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