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zinc

Input interpretation

zinc (chemical element)
zinc (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Zn atomic number | 30 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 12 period | 4 atomic mass | 65.38 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Zn atomic number | 30 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 12 period | 4 atomic mass | 65.38 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 419.53 °C (rank: 71st) boiling point | 907 °C (rank: 71st) molar heat of fusion | 7.35 kJ/mol (rank: 58th) molar heat of vaporization | 119 kJ/mol (rank: 66th) specific heat at STP | 388 J/(kg K) (rank: 31st) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 419.53 °C (rank: 71st) boiling point | 907 °C (rank: 71st) molar heat of fusion | 7.35 kJ/mol (rank: 58th) molar heat of vaporization | 119 kJ/mol (rank: 66th) specific heat at STP | 388 J/(kg K) (rank: 31st) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 7.14 g/cm^3 (rank: 49th) liquid density | 6.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.16 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Brinell hardness | 412 MPa (rank: 35th) bulk modulus | 70 GPa (rank: 27th) shear modulus | 43 GPa Young's modulus | 108 GPa (rank: 20th) Poisson ratio | 0.25 (rank: 41st) ultimate tensile strength | 37 MPa (rank: 31st) refractive index | 1.00205 sound speed | 3700 m/s (rank: 24th) thermal expansion | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 8th) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 7.14 g/cm^3 (rank: 49th) liquid density | 6.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.16 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Brinell hardness | 412 MPa (rank: 35th) bulk modulus | 70 GPa (rank: 27th) shear modulus | 43 GPa Young's modulus | 108 GPa (rank: 20th) Poisson ratio | 0.25 (rank: 41st) ultimate tensile strength | 37 MPa (rank: 31st) refractive index | 1.00205 sound speed | 3700 m/s (rank: 24th) thermal expansion | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 8th) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.58×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.63 to 4.9) eV threshold frequency | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.85 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray) refractive index | 1.00205 (work function range from 2 different crystalline orientations)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.58×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.63 to 4.9) eV threshold frequency | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.85 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray) refractive index | 1.00205 (work function range from 2 different crystalline orientations)

Reactivity

valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.65 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol
valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.65 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 139 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 139 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral zinc atomic spectrum)
(neutral zinc atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 3×10^-5 mass% (rank: 25th) solar abundance | 2×10^-4 mass% (rank: 23rd) meteorite abundance | 0.018 mass% (rank: 20th) crust abundance | 0.0078 mass% (rank: 23rd) ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% (rank: 23rd) human abundance | 0.0033 mass% (rank: 15th) universe molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% (rank: 25th) solar molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% (rank: 24th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.0044 mol% (rank: 21st) ocean molar abundance | 4.7×10^-8 mol% (rank: 35th) crust molar abundance | 0.0025 mol% (rank: 25th) human molar abundance | 3.2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th)
universe abundance | 3×10^-5 mass% (rank: 25th) solar abundance | 2×10^-4 mass% (rank: 23rd) meteorite abundance | 0.018 mass% (rank: 20th) crust abundance | 0.0078 mass% (rank: 23rd) ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% (rank: 23rd) human abundance | 0.0033 mass% (rank: 15th) universe molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% (rank: 25th) solar molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% (rank: 24th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.0044 mol% (rank: 21st) ocean molar abundance | 4.7×10^-8 mol% (rank: 35th) crust molar abundance | 0.0025 mol% (rank: 25th) human molar abundance | 3.2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th)

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