N2 + Ca = Ca3N2

N_2 (nitrogen) + Ca (calcium) ⟶ Ca_3N_2 (calcium nitride)

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: N_2 + Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 N_2 + c_2 Ca ⟶ c_3 Ca_3N_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for N and Ca: N: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 Ca: | c_2 = 3 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | N_2 + 3 Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2

+ ⟶

nitrogen + calcium ⟶ calcium nitride

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: N_2 + Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: N_2 + 3 Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i N_2 | 1 | -1 Ca | 3 | -3 Ca_3N_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression N_2 | 1 | -1 | ([N2])^(-1) Ca | 3 | -3 | ([Ca])^(-3) Ca_3N_2 | 1 | 1 | [Ca3N2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([N2])^(-1) ([Ca])^(-3) [Ca3N2] = ([Ca3N2])/([N2] ([Ca])^3)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: N_2 + Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: N_2 + 3 Ca ⟶ Ca_3N_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i N_2 | 1 | -1 Ca | 3 | -3 Ca_3N_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term N_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[N2])/(Δt) Ca | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Ca])/(Δt) Ca_3N_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Ca3N2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[N2])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[Ca])/(Δt) = (Δ[Ca3N2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| nitrogen | calcium | calcium nitride formula | N_2 | Ca | Ca_3N_2 name | nitrogen | calcium | calcium nitride IUPAC name | molecular nitrogen | calcium | calcium azanidylidenecalcium