hafnium vs manganese vs ruthenium vs molybdenum

hafnium (chemical element) | manganese (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element) | molybdenum (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration hafnium | Hf | 72 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^2 manganese | Mn | 25 | [Ar]4s^23d^5 ruthenium | Ru | 44 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 molybdenum | Mo | 42 | [Kr]5s^14d^5 | Aufbau diagram | block | group hafnium | 5d 4f 6s | d | 4 manganese | 3d 4s | d | 7 ruthenium | 4d 5s | d | 8 molybdenum | 4d 5s | d | 6 | period | atomic mass | half-life hafnium | 6 | 178.49 u | (stable) manganese | 4 | 54.938044 u | (stable) ruthenium | 5 | 101.07 u | (stable) molybdenum | 5 | 95.95 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 2284 °C | highest | 2623 °C (molybdenum) | lowest | 1246 °C (manganese) | distribution | boiling point | median | 4377 °C | highest | 4639 °C (molybdenum) | lowest | 2061 °C (manganese) molar heat of fusion | median | 25.6 kJ/mol | highest | 36 kJ/mol (molybdenum) | lowest | 13.2 kJ/mol (manganese) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 590 kJ/mol | highest | 630 kJ/mol (hafnium) | lowest | 220 kJ/mol (manganese) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 244 J/(kg K) | highest | 479 J/(kg K) (manganese) | lowest | 144 J/(kg K) (hafnium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 11.325 g/cm^3 | highest | 13.31 g/cm^3 (hafnium) | lowest | 7.47 g/cm^3 (manganese) | distribution | liquid density | median | 9.99 g/cm^3 | highest | 12 g/cm^3 (hafnium) | lowest | 5.95 g/cm^3 (manganese) | distribution | molar volume | median | 8.752 cm^3/mol | highest | 13.41 cm^3/mol (hafnium) | lowest | 7.354 cm^3/mol (manganese) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 5.7 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (ruthenium) | lowest | 5.5 (between apatite and microcline) (hafnium and molybdenum) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 1530 MPa | 1760 MPa | 2300 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 196 MPa | 1500 MPa | 1700 MPa | 2160 MPa bulk modulus | median | 170 GPa | highest | 230 GPa (molybdenum) | lowest | 110 GPa (hafnium) shear modulus | median | 30 GPa | highest | 173 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 20 GPa (molybdenum) Young's modulus | median | 264 GPa | highest | 447 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 78 GPa (hafnium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | all | 496 MPa sound speed | median | 5560 m/s | highest | 6190 m/s (molybdenum) | lowest | 3010 m/s (hafnium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 6.2×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 2.17×10^-5 K^(-1) (manganese) | lowest | 4.8×10^-6 K^(-1) (molybdenum) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 71 W/(m K) | highest | 139 W/(m K) (molybdenum) | lowest | 7.8 W/(m K) (manganese) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.9×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.6×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) (manganese) | lowest | 5×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (molybdenum) electrical conductivity | median | 8.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (molybdenum) | lowest | 620000 S/m (siemens per meter) (manganese) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 9.54×10^-5 | highest | 9.0387×10^-4 (manganese) | lowest | 6.7×10^-5 (ruthenium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 8.56×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.21×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (manganese) | lowest | 5.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (hafnium) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.03×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 6.6475×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (manganese) | lowest | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (ruthenium) work function | all | 3.9 eV | 4.1 eV | 4.71 eV | (4.36 to 4.95) eV superconducting point | median | 0.49 K (kelvins) | highest | 0.915 K (kelvins) (molybdenum) | lowest | 0.128 K (kelvins) (hafnium) | distribution |

valence | median | 5 | highest | 6 (ruthenium and molybdenum) | lowest | 4 (hafnium and manganese) electronegativity | median | 1.9 | highest | 2.2 (ruthenium) | lowest | 1.3 (hafnium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 35.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (ruthenium) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (hafnium and manganese) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 697.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 717.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (manganese) | lowest | 658.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (hafnium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^3F_2 | ^5F_5 | ^6S_(5/2) | ^7S_3 atomic radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 155 pm (hafnium) | lowest | 130 pm (ruthenium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 150 pm | highest | 175 pm (hafnium) | lowest | 139 pm (manganese) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 4.5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 8×10^-4 mass% (manganese) | lowest | 7×10^-8 mass% (hafnium) solar abundance | median | 7×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.001 mass% (manganese) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (hafnium) meteorite abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.27 mass% (manganese) | lowest | 1.7×10^-5 mass% (hafnium) crust abundance | median | 2.2×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.11 mass% (manganese) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mass% (ruthenium) ocean abundance | median | 1×10^-7 mass% | highest | 1×10^-6 mass% (molybdenum) | lowest | 7×10^-11 mass% (ruthenium) universe molar abundance | median | 7.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 2×10^-5 mol% (manganese) | lowest | 5×10^-10 mol% (hafnium) solar molar abundance | median | 8×10^-9 mol% | highest | 2×10^-5 mol% (manganese) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (hafnium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.093 mol% (manganese) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mol% (hafnium) ocean molar abundance | median | 1.2×10^-8 mol% | highest | 6.4×10^-8 mol% (molybdenum) | lowest | 4.3×10^-12 mol% (ruthenium) | distribution | crust molar abundance | median | 3.1×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.042 mol% (manganese) | lowest | 2×10^-8 mol% (ruthenium)