group 4 elements

group 4 elements

titanium | zirconium | hafnium | rutherfordium

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration titanium | Ti | 22 | [Ar]4s^23d^2 zirconium | Zr | 40 | [Kr]5s^24d^2 hafnium | Hf | 72 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^2 rutherfordium | Rf | 104 | [Rn]7s^25f^146d^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group titanium | 3d 4s | d | 4 zirconium | 4d 5s | d | 4 hafnium | 5d 4f 6s | d | 4 rutherfordium | 6d 5f 7s | d | 4 | period | atomic mass | half-life titanium | 4 | 47.867 u | (stable) zirconium | 5 | 91.224 u | (stable) hafnium | 6 | 178.49 u | (stable) rutherfordium | 7 | 267 u | 13 h

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1855 °C | highest | 2233 °C (hafnium) | lowest | 1668 °C (titanium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 4409 °C | highest | 4603 °C (hafnium) | lowest | 3287 °C (titanium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 21 kJ/mol | highest | 25.5 kJ/mol (hafnium) | lowest | 18.7 kJ/mol (titanium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 580 kJ/mol | highest | 630 kJ/mol (hafnium) | lowest | 425 kJ/mol (titanium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 278 J/(kg K) | highest | 520 J/(kg K) (titanium) | lowest | 144 J/(kg K) (hafnium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 6.511 g/cm^3 | highest | 13.31 g/cm^3 (hafnium) | lowest | 4.507 g/cm^3 (titanium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 5.8 g/cm^3 | highest | 12 g/cm^3 (hafnium) | lowest | 4.11 g/cm^3 (titanium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 13.41 cm^3/mol | highest | 14.01 cm^3/mol (zirconium) | lowest | 10.62 cm^3/mol (titanium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 5.5 | highest | 6 (≈ microcline) (titanium) | lowest | 5 (≈ apatite) (zirconium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 903 MPa | 970 MPa | 1760 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 650 MPa | 716 MPa | 1700 MPa shear modulus | median | 33 GPa | highest | 44 GPa (titanium) | lowest | 30 GPa (hafnium) Young's modulus | median | 78 GPa | highest | 116 GPa (titanium) | lowest | 68 GPa (zirconium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | all | 220 MPa | 330 MPa sound speed | median | 3800 m/s | highest | 4140 m/s (titanium) | lowest | 3010 m/s (hafnium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 5.9×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 8.6×10^-6 K^(-1) (titanium) | lowest | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) (zirconium) thermal conductivity | median | 23 W/(m K) | highest | 23 W/(m K) (zirconium and hafnium) | lowest | 22 W/(m K) (titanium) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (zirconium) | lowest | 3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (hafnium) electrical conductivity | median | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 3.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (hafnium) | lowest | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (zirconium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.09×10^-4 | highest | 1.807×10^-4 (titanium) | lowest | 7.05×10^-5 (hafnium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 4.01×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (titanium) | lowest | 5.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (hafnium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.919×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (titanium) | lowest | 9.46×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (hafnium) | distribution | work function | all | 3.9 eV | 4.05 eV | 4.33 eV superconducting point | median | 0.4 K (kelvins) | highest | 0.61 K (kelvins) (zirconium) | lowest | 0.128 K (kelvins) (hafnium) | distribution |

valence | median | 4 | highest | 4 (4 elements) | lowest | 4 (4 elements) electronegativity | median | 1.33 | highest | 1.54 (titanium) | lowest | 1.3 (hafnium) electron affinity | median | 7.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zirconium) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (hafnium) first ionization energy | median | 658.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 658.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (titanium) | lowest | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zirconium)

term symbol | all | ^3F_2 atomic radius | median | 155 pm | highest | 155 pm (zirconium and hafnium) | lowest | 140 pm (titanium) covalent radius | median | 175 pm | highest | 175 pm (zirconium and hafnium) | lowest | 160 pm (titanium) (electronic ground state properties)