scandium vs cobalt vs copper

scandium (chemical element) | cobalt (chemical element) | copper (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| scandium | cobalt | copper atomic symbol | Sc | Co | Cu atomic number | 21 | 27 | 29 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | [Ar]4s^13d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 3d 4s | 3d 4s block | d | d | d group | 3 | 9 | 11 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 44.955908 u | 58.933194 u | 63.546 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| scandium | cobalt | copper phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1541 °C | 1495 °C | 1084.62 °C boiling point | 2830 °C | 2927 °C | 2562 °C molar heat of fusion | 16 kJ/mol | 16.2 kJ/mol | 13.1 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 318 kJ/mol | 375 kJ/mol | 300 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 567 J/(kg K) | 421 J/(kg K) | 384.4 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| scandium | cobalt | copper density | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 8.9 g/cm^3 | 8.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 7.75 g/cm^3 | 8.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 6.6 cm^3/mol | 7.092 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 5 (≈ apatite) | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | | 1043 MPa | 369 MPa Brinell hardness | 750 MPa | 700 MPa | 874 MPa bulk modulus | 57 GPa | 180 GPa | 140 GPa shear modulus | 29 GPa | 75 GPa | 48 GPa Young's modulus | 74 GPa | 209 GPa | 130 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.34 tensile yield strength | 173 MPa | 225 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | 255 MPa | | sound speed | | 4720 m/s | 3570 m/s thermal expansion | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 16 W/(m K) | 100 W/(m K) | 400 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| scandium | cobalt | copper electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.627×10^-4 | | -9.63×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | 1394 K (kelvins) | work function | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.48 to 5.1) eV threshold frequency | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.05 K (kelvins) | (unknown) | color | (silver) | (gray) | (copper)

| scandium | cobalt | copper valence | 3 | 4 | 2 electronegativity | 1.36 | 1.88 | 1.9 electron affinity | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 760.4 kJ/mol | 1648 kJ/mol | 3232 kJ/mol | 4950 kJ/mol | 7670 kJ/mol | 9840 kJ/mol | 12440 kJ/mol | 15230 kJ/mol | 17959 kJ/mol | 26570 kJ/mol | 29400 kJ/mol | 32400 kJ/mol | 36600 kJ/mol | 39700 kJ/mol | 42800 kJ/mol | 49396 kJ/mol | 52737 kJ/mol | 134810 kJ/mol | 145170 kJ/mol | 154700 kJ/mol | 167400 kJ/mol | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| scandium | cobalt | copper term symbol | ^2D_(3/2) | ^4F_(9/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 160 pm | 135 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 170 pm | 126 pm | 132 pm van der Waals radius | | (unknown) | 140 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| scandium | cobalt | copper universe abundance | 3×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 6×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 0.059 mass% | 0.011 mass% crust abundance | 0.0026 mass% | 0.003 mass% | 0.0068 mass% ocean abundance | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 8×10^-9 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% human abundance | | 2×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 9.9×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.02 mol% | 0.0031 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 8×10^-10 mol% | 2.9×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0012 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.0022 mol% human molar abundance | | 2×10^-7 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol%

| scandium | cobalt | copper half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | Sc-45 (100%) | Co-59 (100%) | Cu-63 (69.17%) | Cu-65 (30.83%) nuclear spin | Sc-37: 7/2^- | Sc-38: 2^- | Sc-39: 7/2^- | Sc-40: 4^- | Sc-41: 7/2^- | Sc-42: 0^+ | Sc-43: 7/2^- | Sc-44: 2^+ | Sc-45: 7/2^- | Sc-46: 4^+ | Sc-47: 7/2^- | Sc-48: 6^+ | Sc-49: 7/2^- | Sc-50: 5^+ | Sc-51: 7/2^- | Sc-52: 3^+ | Sc-53: 7/2^- | Sc-55: 7/2^- | Sc-56: 1^~ | Sc-57: 7/2^- | Sc-58: 3^+ | Sc-59: 7/2^- | Sc-60: 3^+ | Co-47: 7/2^- | Co-48: 6^+ | Co-49: 7/2^- | Co-50: 6^+ | Co-51: 7/2^- | Co-52: 6^+ | Co-53: 7/2^- | Co-54: 0^+ | Co-55: 7/2^- | Co-56: 4^+ | Co-57: 7/2^- | Co-58: 2^+ | Co-59: 7/2^- | Co-60: 5^+ | Co-61: 7/2^- | Co-62: 2^+ | Co-63: 7/2^- | Co-64: 1^+ | Co-65: 7/2^- | Co-66: 3^+ | Co-67: 7/2^- | Co-68: 7^- | Co-69: 7/2^- | Co-70: 6^- | Co-71: 7/2^- | Co-73: 7/2^- | Co-74: 0^+ | Co-75: 7/2^- | Cu-52: 3^+ | Cu-53: 3/2^- | Cu-54: 3^+ | Cu-55: 3/2^- | Cu-56: 4^+ | Cu-57: 3/2^- | Cu-58: 1^+ | Cu-59: 3/2^- | Cu-60: 2^+ | Cu-61: 3/2^- | Cu-62: 1^+ | Cu-63: 3/2^- | Cu-64: 1^+ | Cu-65: 3/2^- | Cu-66: 1^+ | Cu-67: 3/2^- | Cu-68: 1^+ | Cu-69: 3/2^- | Cu-70: 6^- | Cu-71: 3/2^- | Cu-72: 1^+ | Cu-73: 3/2^- | Cu-75: 3/2^- | Cu-77: 3/2^- | Cu-79: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | Sc-46 (83.78 days) | Sc-47 (80.3806 h) | Sc-48 (43.67 h) | Sc-44 (3.97 h) | Sc-43 (3.8917 h) | Sc-49 (57.17 min) | Sc-50 (102.5 s) | Sc-51 (12.4 s) | Sc-52 (8.2 s) | Sc-53 (3 s) | Sc-42 (681.3 ms) | Sc-41 (596.3 ms) | Sc-54 (360 ms) | Sc-40 (182.3 ms) | Sc-55 (105 ms) | Sc-56 (35 ms) | Sc-57 (13 ms) | Sc-58 (12 ms) | Sc-59 (10 ms) | Sc-60 (3 ms) | Sc-39 (300 ns) | Sc-38 (300 ns) | Co-60 (5.2749 yr) | Co-57 (271.74 days) | Co-56 (77.23 days) | Co-58 (70.86 days) | Co-55 (17.531 h) | Co-61 (99 min) | Co-62 (90 s) | Co-63 (27.4 s) | Co-65 (1.2 s) | Co-67 (425 ms) | Co-64 (300 ms) | Co-53 (240 ms) | Co-69 (220 ms) | Co-68 (200 ms) | Co-54 (193.28 ms) | Co-66 (180 ms) | Co-70 (119 ms) | Co-52 (115 ms) | Co-71 (79 ms) | Co-72 (62 ms) | Co-50 (44 ms) | Co-73 (41 ms) | Co-51 (200 ns) | Co-75 (150 ns) | Co-74 (150 ns) | Co-49 (35 ns) | Cu-67 (61.83 h) | Cu-64 (12.7 h) | Cu-61 (200 min) | Cu-60 (23.67 min) | Cu-62 (9.673 min) | Cu-66 (5.12 min) | Cu-69 (171 s) | Cu-59 (81.5 s) | Cu-70 (44.5 s) | Cu-68 (31.1 s) | Cu-71 (19.5 s) | Cu-72 (6.6 s) | Cu-73 (4.2 s) | Cu-58 (3.204 s) | Cu-74 (1.594 s) | Cu-75 (1.224 s) | Cu-76 (641 ms) | Cu-77 (469 ms) | Cu-78 (342 ms) | Cu-57 (196.3 ms) | Cu-79 (188 ms) | Cu-56 (93 ms) | Cu-55 (40 ms) | Cu-80 (300 ns) | Cu-53 (300 ns) | Cu-54 (75 ns) neutron cross-section | 27.2 b | 37.2 b | 3.78 b neutron mass absorption | 0.025 m^2/kg | 0.021 m^2/kg | 0.0021 m^2/kg