Input interpretation
sodium hydroxide + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ water + soda ash
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and C: H: | c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 C: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶ +
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sodium hydroxide + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ water + soda ash
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash molecular enthalpy | -425.8 kJ/mol | -950.8 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1131 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -425.8 kJ/mol | -950.8 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1131 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1377 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1417 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1417 kJ/mol - -1377 kJ/mol = -39.93 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash molecular free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -851 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol total free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -851 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1231 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1282 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1282 kJ/mol - -1231 kJ/mol = -50.8 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Entropy
| sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash molecular entropy | 64 J/(mol K) | 102 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 136 J/(mol K) total entropy | 64 J/(mol K) | 102 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 136 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 166 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 205.9 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 205.9 J/(mol K) - 166 J/(mol K) = 39.91 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash Hill formula | HNaO | CHNaO_3 | H_2O | CNa_2O_3 name | sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | sodium hydrogen carbonate | water | disodium carbonate
Substance properties
| sodium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | soda ash molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 84.006 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 105.99 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 270 °C | 0 °C | 851 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | | 99.9839 °C | 1600 °C density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | | soluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.00355 Pa s (at 900 °C) odor | | odorless | odorless |
Units
