magnesium vs calcium vs nickel

magnesium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| magnesium | calcium | nickel atomic symbol | Mg | Ca | Ni atomic number | 12 | 20 | 28 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 4s | 3d 4s block | s | s | d group | 2 | 2 | 10 period | 3 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 40.078 u | 58.6934 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| magnesium | calcium | nickel phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 842 °C | 1455 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 1484 °C | 2913 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 17.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 378 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) | 445 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | calcium | nickel density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 8.908 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 7.81 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 6.589 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 4 (≈ fluorite) Vickers hardness | (unknown) | | 638 MPa Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 167 MPa | 700 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 17 GPa | 180 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 7.4 GPa | 76 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 20 GPa | 200 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.31 tensile yield strength | | | 59 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 317 MPa sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3810 m/s | 4970 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) | 91 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | calcium | nickel electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 2.139×10^-5 | mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | Curie point | | | 631 K (kelvins) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5.04 to 5.35) eV threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (gray)

| magnesium | calcium | nickel valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1 | 1.91 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| magnesium | calcium | nickel term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^3F_4 atomic radius | 150 pm | 180 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 176 pm | 124 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| magnesium | calcium | nickel universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 0.006 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 0.008 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 1.3 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 5 mass% | 0.0089 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 1.4 mass% | 1×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.52 mol% | 0.44 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 2.1×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 2.6 mol% | 0.0032 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 1.1×10^-6 mol%