magnesium vs beryllium vs barium

magnesium (chemical element) | beryllium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| magnesium | beryllium | barium atomic symbol | Mg | Be | Ba atomic number | 12 | 4 | 56 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [He]2s^2 | [Xe]6s^2 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 2s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 2 | 2 | 2 period | 3 | 2 | 6 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 9.0121831 u | 137.327 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| magnesium | beryllium | barium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 1287 °C | 727 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 2470 °C | 1870 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 7.95 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 297 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 1820 J/(kg K) | 205 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | beryllium | barium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.848 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 1.69 g/cm^3 | 3.338 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 4.877 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 5.5 (between apatite and microcline) | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | (unknown) | 1670 MPa | (unknown) Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 600 MPa | bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 130 GPa | 9.6 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 132 GPa | 4.9 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 287 GPa | 13 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.032 | tensile yield strength | | 240 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | | 370 MPa | sound speed | 4602 m/s | 13000 m/s | 1620 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.13×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 190 W/(m K) | 18 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | beryllium | barium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | -2.328×10^-5 | 3.966×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.26×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.136×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | 0.026 K (kelvins) | (unknown) color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (silver)

| magnesium | beryllium | barium valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1.57 | 0.89 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 899.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 899.5 kJ/mol | 1757.1 kJ/mol | 14848.7 kJ/mol | 21006.6 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| magnesium | beryllium | barium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 150 pm | 105 pm | 215 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 96 pm | 215 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | | (unknown) (electronic ground state properties)

| magnesium | beryllium | barium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% | 2.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.034 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 4.1×10^-11 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 4.3×10^-4 mol% | 0.0051 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 3×10^-8 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol%

| magnesium | beryllium | barium half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | Mg-24 (78.99%) | Mg-26 (11.01%) | Mg-25 (10%) | Be-9 (100%) | Ba-138 (71.698%) | Ba-137 (11.232%) | Ba-136 (7.854%) | Ba-135 (6.592%) | Ba-134 (2.417%) | Ba-130 (0.106%) | Ba-132 (0.101%) nuclear spin | Mg-19: 1/2^- | Mg-20: 0^+ | Mg-21: 5/2^+ | Mg-22: 0^+ | Mg-23: 3/2^+ | Mg-24: 0^+ | Mg-25: 5/2^+ | Mg-26: 0^+ | Mg-27: 1/2^+ | Mg-28: 0^+ | Mg-29: 3/2^+ | Mg-30: 0^+ | Mg-31: 1/2^+ | Mg-32: 0^+ | Mg-33: 3/2^+ | Mg-34: 0^+ | Mg-35: 7/2^- | Mg-36: 0^+ | Mg-37: 7/2^- | Mg-38: 0^+ | Mg-39: 7/2^- | Mg-40: 0^+ | Be-5: 1/2^+ | Be-6: 0^+ | Be-7: 3/2^- | Be-8: 0^+ | Be-9: 3/2^- | Be-10: 0^+ | Be-11: 1/2^+ | Be-12: 0^+ | Be-13: 1/2^- | Be-14: 0^+ | Be-16: 0^+ | Ba-114: 0^+ | Ba-115: 5/2^+ | Ba-116: 0^+ | Ba-117: 3/2^+ | Ba-118: 0^+ | Ba-119: 5/2^+ | Ba-120: 0^+ | Ba-121: 5/2^+ | Ba-122: 0^+ | Ba-123: 5/2^+ | Ba-124: 0^+ | Ba-125: 1/2^+ | Ba-126: 0^+ | Ba-127: 1/2^+ | Ba-128: 0^+ | Ba-129: 1/2^+ | Ba-130: 0^+ | Ba-131: 1/2^+ | Ba-132: 0^+ | Ba-133: 1/2^+ | Ba-134: 0^+ | Ba-135: 3/2^+ | Ba-136: 0^+ | Ba-137: 3/2^+ | Ba-138: 0^+ | Ba-139: 7/2^- | Ba-140: 0^+ | Ba-141: 3/2^- | Ba-142: 0^+ | Ba-143: 5/2^- | Ba-144: 0^+ | Ba-145: 5/2^- | Ba-146: 0^+ | Ba-147: 3/2^+ | Ba-148: 0^+ | Ba-149: 3/2^- | Ba-150: 0^+ | Ba-151: 3/2^- | Ba-152: 0^+ | Ba-153: 5/2^- unstable isotopes | Mg-28 (20.915 h) | Mg-27 (9.458 min) | Mg-23 (11.317 s) | Mg-22 (3.8755 s) | Mg-29 (1.3 s) | Mg-30 (335 ms) | Mg-31 (232 ms) | Mg-21 (122 ms) | Mg-33 (90.5 ms) | Mg-20 (90 ms) | Mg-32 (86 ms) | Mg-35 (70 ms) | Mg-34 (20 ms) | Mg-36 (3.9 ms) | Mg-38 (260 ns) | Mg-37 (260 ns) | Mg-39 (180 ns) | Mg-40 (170 ns) | Be-10 (1.51 Myr) | Be-7 (53.22 days) | Be-11 (13.81 s) | Be-12 (21.5 ms) | Be-14 (4.35 ms) | Be-16 (200 ns) | Be-15 (200 ns) | Be-8 (81.9 as) | Be-6 (5 zs) | Be-13 (2.7 zs) | Ba-133 (10.52 yr) | Ba-140 (12.752 days) | Ba-131 (11.5 days) | Ba-128 (58 h) | Ba-129 (133.8 min) | Ba-126 (100 min) | Ba-139 (83.06 min) | Ba-141 (18.27 min) | Ba-127 (12.7 min) | Ba-124 (11 min) | Ba-142 (10.6 min) | Ba-125 (210 s) | Ba-123 (160 s) | Ba-122 (117 s) | Ba-121 (29.7 s) | Ba-120 (24 s) | Ba-143 (14.5 s) | Ba-144 (11.5 s) | Ba-119 (5.4 s) | Ba-118 (5.5 s) | Ba-145 (4.31 s) | Ba-146 (2.22 s) | Ba-117 (1.75 s) | Ba-116 (1.3 s) | Ba-147 (893 ms) | Ba-148 (612 ms) | Ba-115 (450 ms) | Ba-114 (430 ms) | Ba-149 (344 ms) | Ba-150 (300 ms) | Ba-152 (100 ms) | Ba-153 (80 ms) | Ba-151 (300 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.063 b | 0.0092 b | 1.3 b neutron mass absorption | 1×10^-4 m^2/kg | 3×10^-5 m^2/kg | 2.7×10^-4 m^2/kg

| magnesium | beryllium | barium CAS number | 7439-95-4 | 7440-41-7 | 7440-39-3 PubChem CID number | 5462224 | 5460467 | 5355457