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HNO3 + Tl2S = H2O + H2SO4 + NO2 + Tl(NO3)3

Input interpretation

HNO_3 nitric acid + Tl_2S thallium(I) sulfide ⟶ H_2O water + H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + NO_2 nitrogen dioxide + N_3O_9Tl thallium(III) nitrate
HNO_3 nitric acid + Tl_2S thallium(I) sulfide ⟶ H_2O water + H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + NO_2 nitrogen dioxide + N_3O_9Tl thallium(III) nitrate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 Tl_2S ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 H_2SO_4 + c_5 NO_2 + c_6 N_3O_9Tl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, S and Tl: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 + 2 c_4 N: | c_1 = c_5 + 3 c_6 O: | 3 c_1 = c_3 + 4 c_4 + 2 c_5 + 9 c_6 S: | c_2 = c_4 Tl: | 2 c_2 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 18 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 8 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 12 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 Tl_2S ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 H_2SO_4 + c_5 NO_2 + c_6 N_3O_9Tl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, S and Tl: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 + 2 c_4 N: | c_1 = c_5 + 3 c_6 O: | 3 c_1 = c_3 + 4 c_4 + 2 c_5 + 9 c_6 S: | c_2 = c_4 Tl: | 2 c_2 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 18 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 8 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 12 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl

Structures

+ ⟶ + + +
+ ⟶ + + +

Names

nitric acid + thallium(I) sulfide ⟶ water + sulfuric acid + nitrogen dioxide + thallium(III) nitrate
nitric acid + thallium(I) sulfide ⟶ water + sulfuric acid + nitrogen dioxide + thallium(III) nitrate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 18 | -18 Tl_2S | 1 | -1 H_2O | 8 | 8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 NO_2 | 12 | 12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HNO_3 | 18 | -18 | ([HNO3])^(-18) Tl_2S | 1 | -1 | ([Tl2S])^(-1) H_2O | 8 | 8 | ([H2O])^8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H2SO4] NO_2 | 12 | 12 | ([NO2])^12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 | ([N3O9Tl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HNO3])^(-18) ([Tl2S])^(-1) ([H2O])^8 [H2SO4] ([NO2])^12 ([N3O9Tl])^2 = (([H2O])^8 [H2SO4] ([NO2])^12 ([N3O9Tl])^2)/(([HNO3])^18 [Tl2S])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 18 | -18 Tl_2S | 1 | -1 H_2O | 8 | 8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 NO_2 | 12 | 12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HNO_3 | 18 | -18 | ([HNO3])^(-18) Tl_2S | 1 | -1 | ([Tl2S])^(-1) H_2O | 8 | 8 | ([H2O])^8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H2SO4] NO_2 | 12 | 12 | ([NO2])^12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 | ([N3O9Tl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HNO3])^(-18) ([Tl2S])^(-1) ([H2O])^8 [H2SO4] ([NO2])^12 ([N3O9Tl])^2 = (([H2O])^8 [H2SO4] ([NO2])^12 ([N3O9Tl])^2)/(([HNO3])^18 [Tl2S])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 18 | -18 Tl_2S | 1 | -1 H_2O | 8 | 8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 NO_2 | 12 | 12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HNO_3 | 18 | -18 | -1/18 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) Tl_2S | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Tl2S])/(Δt) H_2O | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) NO_2 | 12 | 12 | 1/12 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[N3O9Tl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/18 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Tl2S])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/12 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[N3O9Tl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ H_2O + H_2SO_4 + NO_2 + N_3O_9Tl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 18 HNO_3 + Tl_2S ⟶ 8 H_2O + H_2SO_4 + 12 NO_2 + 2 N_3O_9Tl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 18 | -18 Tl_2S | 1 | -1 H_2O | 8 | 8 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 NO_2 | 12 | 12 N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HNO_3 | 18 | -18 | -1/18 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) Tl_2S | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Tl2S])/(Δt) H_2O | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) NO_2 | 12 | 12 | 1/12 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) N_3O_9Tl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[N3O9Tl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/18 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Tl2S])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/12 (Δ[NO2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[N3O9Tl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| nitric acid | thallium(I) sulfide | water | sulfuric acid | nitrogen dioxide | thallium(III) nitrate formula | HNO_3 | Tl_2S | H_2O | H_2SO_4 | NO_2 | N_3O_9Tl Hill formula | HNO_3 | STl_2 | H_2O | H_2O_4S | NO_2 | N_3O_9Tl name | nitric acid | thallium(I) sulfide | water | sulfuric acid | nitrogen dioxide | thallium(III) nitrate IUPAC name | nitric acid | | water | sulfuric acid | Nitrogen dioxide | thallium(+3) cation trinitrate
| nitric acid | thallium(I) sulfide | water | sulfuric acid | nitrogen dioxide | thallium(III) nitrate formula | HNO_3 | Tl_2S | H_2O | H_2SO_4 | NO_2 | N_3O_9Tl Hill formula | HNO_3 | STl_2 | H_2O | H_2O_4S | NO_2 | N_3O_9Tl name | nitric acid | thallium(I) sulfide | water | sulfuric acid | nitrogen dioxide | thallium(III) nitrate IUPAC name | nitric acid | | water | sulfuric acid | Nitrogen dioxide | thallium(+3) cation trinitrate

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