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iodine vs chlorine vs bromine

Input interpretation

iodine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element)
iodine (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| iodine | chlorine | bromine atomic symbol | I | Cl | Br atomic number | 53 | 17 | 35 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 5 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 35.45 u | 79.904 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| iodine | chlorine | bromine atomic symbol | I | Cl | Br atomic number | 53 | 17 | 35 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 5 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 35.45 u | 79.904 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| iodine | chlorine | bromine phase at STP | solid | gas | liquid melting point | 113.7 °C | -101.5 °C | -7.3 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | -34.04 °C | 59 °C critical temperature | 819 K | 416.9 K | 588 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | 7.991 MPa | 10.34 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | chlorine | bromine phase at STP | solid | gas | liquid melting point | 113.7 °C | -101.5 °C | -7.3 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | -34.04 °C | 59 °C critical temperature | 819 K | 416.9 K | 588 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | 7.991 MPa | 10.34 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| iodine | chlorine | bromine density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 3.12 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 1.9 GPa refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001132 sound speed | | 206 m/s | thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | chlorine | bromine density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 3.12 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 1.9 GPa refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001132 sound speed | | 206 m/s | thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| iodine | chlorine | bromine electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.53×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (slate gray) | (yellow) | (red) refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001132
| iodine | chlorine | bromine electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.53×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (slate gray) | (yellow) | (red) refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001132

Reactivity

| iodine | chlorine | bromine valence | 7 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 2.66 | 3.16 | 2.96 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol
| iodine | chlorine | bromine valence | 7 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 2.66 | 3.16 | 2.96 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| iodine | chlorine | bromine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 140 pm | 100 pm | 115 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 102 pm | 120 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | 175 pm | 185 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| iodine | chlorine | bromine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 140 pm | 100 pm | 115 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 102 pm | 120 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | 175 pm | 185 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| iodine | chlorine | bromine universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 8×10^-4 mass% | meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.0067 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-5 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol%
| iodine | chlorine | bromine universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 8×10^-4 mass% | meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.0067 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-5 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol%

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