H2SO4 + Na3SbS4 = H2S + Na2SO4 + Sb2S5

Input interpretation

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H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + Na3SbS4 ⟶ H_2S hydrogen sulfide + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Sb_2S_5 antimony(V) sulfide

Balanced equation

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Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + Na3SbS4 ⟶ H_2S + Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 Na3SbS4 ⟶ c_3 H_2S + c_4 Na_2SO_4 + c_5 Sb_2S_5 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Na and Sb: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 = 4 c_4 S: | c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_3 + c_4 + 5 c_5 Na: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_4 Sb: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_5 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 H_2SO_4 + 2 Na3SbS4 ⟶ 3 H_2S + 3 Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5

+ Na3SbS4 ⟶ + +

Names

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sulfuric acid + Na3SbS4 ⟶ hydrogen sulfide + sodium sulfate + antimony(V) sulfide

Equilibrium constant

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Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + Na3SbS4 ⟶ H_2S + Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + 2 Na3SbS4 ⟶ 3 H_2S + 3 Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Na3SbS4 | 2 | -2 H_2S | 3 | 3 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Sb_2S_5 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | ([H2SO4])^(-3) Na3SbS4 | 2 | -2 | ([Na3SbS4])^(-2) H_2S | 3 | 3 | ([H2S])^3 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | ([Na2SO4])^3 Sb_2S_5 | 1 | 1 | [Sb2S5] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-3) ([Na3SbS4])^(-2) ([H2S])^3 ([Na2SO4])^3 [Sb2S5] = (([H2S])^3 ([Na2SO4])^3 [Sb2S5])/(([H2SO4])^3 ([Na3SbS4])^2)

Rate of reaction

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Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + Na3SbS4 ⟶ H_2S + Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 H_2SO_4 + 2 Na3SbS4 ⟶ 3 H_2S + 3 Na_2SO_4 + Sb_2S_5 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 Na3SbS4 | 2 | -2 H_2S | 3 | 3 Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 Sb_2S_5 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) Na3SbS4 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Na3SbS4])/(Δt) H_2S | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Sb_2S_5 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Sb2S5])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Na3SbS4])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[Sb2S5])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)