polonium vs cerium vs lead

polonium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element) | lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| polonium | cerium | lead atomic symbol | Po | Ce | Pb atomic number | 84 | 58 | 82 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 5d 4f 6s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | f | p group | 16 | | 14 period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 209 u | 140.116 u | 207.2 u half-life | 102 yr | (stable) | (stable)

| polonium | cerium | lead phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 254 °C | 798 °C | 327.46 °C boiling point | 962 °C | 3360 °C | 1749 °C molar heat of fusion | 13 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol | 4.77 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol | 178 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 192 J/(kg K) | 127 J/(kg K) Néel point | | 12.5 K | (properties at standard conditions)

| polonium | cerium | lead density | 9.196 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 | 11.34 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 6.55 g/cm^3 | 10.66 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.7 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol | 18.27 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | | 270 MPa | Brinell hardness | | 412 MPa | 38.3 MPa bulk modulus | | 22 GPa | 46 GPa shear modulus | | 14 GPa | 5.6 GPa Young's modulus | | 34 GPa | 16 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.24 | 0.44 tensile yield strength | | 91 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | | 100 MPa | 18 MPa sound speed | | 2100 m/s | 1260 m/s thermal expansion | | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | | 11 W/(m K) | 35 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| polonium | cerium | lead electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 0.0014716 | -1.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Néel point | | 12.5 K (kelvins) | work function | | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.022 K (kelvins) | 7.2 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (slate gray)

| polonium | cerium | lead valence | 6 | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 2 | 1.12 | 2.33 electron affinity | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 812.1 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| polonium | cerium | lead term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^1G_4 | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 190 pm | 185 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 140 pm | 204 pm | 146 pm van der Waals radius | | | 202 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| polonium | cerium | lead universe abundance | | 1×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | | 7.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | | 0.006 mass% | 9.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 2×10^-18 mass% | 1.2×10^-10 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | | 1.7×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | | 9×10^-9 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-9 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 1.1×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 5.3×10^-12 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | | 8.9×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | | 5×10^-6 mol%